remove README.rst file since README.md file exists

Implement connect to vsock.

.git-blame-ignore-revs

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+d54c7ecbd618afb4df524e0d96dec7fe7cc2935d

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/issue-report.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ PLEASE READ BEFORE REPORTING AN ISSUE
 
 SSHFS does not have any active, regular contributors or developers. The current maintainer continues to apply pull requests and tries to make regular releases, but unfortunately has no capacity to do any development beyond addressing high-impact issues. When reporting bugs, please understand that unless you are including a pull request or are reporting a critical issue, you will probably not get a response.
 
-To prevent the issue tracker from being flooded with issues that no-one is intending to work on, and to give more visibilty to critical issues that users should be aware of and that most urgently need attention, I will also close most bug reports once they've been inactive for a while.
+To prevent the issue tracker from being flooded with issues that no-one is intending to work on, and to give more visibility to critical issues that users should be aware of and that most urgently need attention, I will also close most bug reports once they've been inactive for a while.
 
 Please note that this isn't meant to imply that you haven't found a bug - you most likely have and I'm grateful that you took the time to report it. Unfortunately, SSHFS is a purely volunteer driven project,
 and at the moment there simply aren't any volunteers.

.github/workflows/build-ubuntu.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+name: build and test
+on:
+  push:
+
+  pull_request:
+
+  workflow_dispatch: # this is a nice option that will enable a button w/ inputs
+    inputs:
+      git-ref:
+        description: Git Ref (Optional)    
+        required: false
+jobs:
+  build-and-test:
+    name: Build and test
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+
+      - name: Install build dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install valgrind gcc ninja-build meson libglib2.0-dev libfuse3-dev
+
+      - name: Install meson
+        run: pip3 install meson pytest
+
+      - name: build
+        run: |
+          mkdir build; cd build
+          meson ..
+          ninja
+
+      # cd does not persist across steps
+      - name: upload build artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          name: sshfs
+          path: build/sshfs
+
+      - name: make ssh into localhost without prompt possible for tests
+        run: |
+          ssh-keygen -b 2048 -t rsa  -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -q -N ""
+          cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub > ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
+
+      - name: run tests
+        run: |
+          cd build
+          python3 -m pytest test/

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# See https://pre-commit.com for more information
+# See https://pre-commit.com/hooks.html for more hooks
+repos:
+- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+  rev: v4.0.1
+  hooks:
+    - id: trailing-whitespace
+    - id: end-of-file-fixer
+    - id: check-yaml
+    - id: check-added-large-files
+- repo: https://github.com/jumanjihouse/pre-commit-hooks
+  rev: 2.1.5
+  hooks:
+    - id: shellcheck

.travis.yml

@@ -1,21 +1,31 @@
-sudo: required
-dist: xenial
+dist: focal
+
+language: c
+
+cache:
+  - pip
 
-language:
-    - c
 addons:
   apt:
-    sources:
-    - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
     packages:
+    - shellcheck
     - valgrind
-    - clang
     - gcc
-    - gcc-6
+    - clang
     - python-docutils
     - python3-pip
     - python3-setuptools
     - ninja-build
-install: test/travis-install.sh
-script: test/travis-build.sh
+    - meson
+    - python3-pytest
+    - libglib2.0-dev
 
+install: test/travis-install.sh
+
+jobs:
+  include:
+    - name: Lint
+      script: ./test/lint.sh
+      install: skip
+    - name: Build + Test
+      script: test/travis-build.sh

AUTHORS

@@ -1,30 +1,37 @@
 Current Maintainer
 ------------------
 
-Nikolaus Rath <Nikolaus@rath.org>
+None.
 
 
 Past Maintainers
 ----------------
 
+Nikolaus Rath <Nikolaus@rath.org> (until 05/2022)
 Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu> (until 12/2015)
 
 
 Contributors (autogenerated list)
 ---------------------------------
 
+a1346054 <36859588+a1346054@users.noreply.github.com>
 Alan Jenkins <alan.christopher.jenkins@gmail.com>
 Alexander Neumann <alexander@bumpern.de>
 Anatol Pomozov <anatol.pomozov@gmail.com>
+Andrew Stone <a@stne.dev>
+Antonio Rojas <arojas@archlinux.org>
 Benjamin Fleischer <fleiben@gmail.com>
 Berserker <berserker.troll@yandex.com>
 Bill Zissimopoulos <billziss@navimatics.com>
+bjoe2k4 <bjoe2k4@users.noreply.github.com>
 Brandon Carter <b-carter@users.noreply.github.com>
+Cam Cope <github@camcope.me>
 Chris Wolfe <cwolfe@chromium.org>
 Clayton G. Hobbs <clay@lakeserv.net>
 Daniel Lublin <daniel@lublin.se>
 Dominique Martinet <asmadeus@codewreck.org>
 DrDaveD <2129743+DrDaveD@users.noreply.github.com>
+Fabrice Fontaine <fontaine.fabrice@gmail.com>
 gala <gala132@users.noreply.github.com>
 Galen Getsov <4815620+ggetsov@users.noreply.github.com>
 George Vlahavas <vlahavas@gmail.com>
@@ -35,7 +42,11 @@ jeg139 <54814784+jeg139@users.noreply.github.com>
 Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
 Julio Merino <jmmv@google.com>
 Julio Merino <jmmv@meroh.net>
+Junichi Uekawa <dancerj@gmail.com>
+Junichi Uekawa <dancer@netfort.gr.jp>
 kalvdans <github@kalvdans.no-ip.org>
+Kim Brose <kim.brose@rwth-aachen.de>
+Matthew Berginski <matthew.berginski@gmail.com>
 Michael Forney <mforney@mforney.org>
 Mike Kelly <mike@pair.com>
 Mike Salvatore <mike.s.salvatore@gmail.com>
@@ -44,6 +55,8 @@ Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
 mssalvatore <mike.s.salvatore@gmail.com>
 Nikolaus Rath <Nikolaus@rath.org>
 Percy Jahn <email@percyjahn.de>
+Peter Belm <peterbelm@gmail.com>
+Peter Wienemann <peter.wienemann@uni-bonn.de>
 Qais Patankar <qaisjp@gmail.com>
 Quentin Rameau <quinq@fifth.space>
 Reid Wagner <wagnerreid@gmail.com>
@@ -51,6 +64,7 @@ Rian Hunter <rian@alum.mit.edu>
 Rian Hunter <rianhunter@users.noreply.github.com>
 Samuel Murray <samuel.murray@outlook.com>
 S. D. Cloudt <s.d.cloudt@student.tue.nl>
+Simon Arlott <70171+nomis@users.noreply.github.com>
 smheidrich <smheidrich@weltenfunktion.de>
 sunwire <50745572+sunwire@users.noreply.github.com>
 Tim Harder <radhermit@gmail.com>

ChangeLog.rst

@@ -1,3 +1,32 @@
+Release 3.7.3 (2022-05-26)
+--------------------------
+
+* Minor bugfixes.
+
+* This is the last release from the current maintainer. SSHFS is now no longer maintained
+  or developed. Github issue tracking and pull requests have therefore been disabled. The
+  mailing list (see below) is still available for use.
+
+  If you would like to take over this project, you are welcome to do so. Please fork it
+  and develop the fork for a while. Once there has been 6 months of reasonable activity,
+  please contact Nikolaus@rath.org and I'll be happy to give you ownership of this
+  repository or replace with a pointer to the fork.
+
+
+Release 3.7.2 (2021-06-08)
+--------------------------
+
+* Added a secondary check so if a mkdir request fails with EPERM an access request will be
+  tried - returning EEXIST if the access was successful.
+	Fixes: https://github.com/libfuse/sshfs/issues/243
+
+
+Release 3.7.1 (2020-11-09)
+--------------------------
+
+* Minor bugfixes.
+
+
 Release 3.7.0 (2020-01-03)
 --------------------------
 
@@ -11,7 +40,7 @@ Release 3.7.0 (2020-01-03)
   needed anymore. If you depend on this workaround, please let the SSHFS maintainers know,
   otherwise support for the workaround will be removed completely in a future version.
 
-  
+
 Release 3.6.0 (2019-11-03)
 --------------------------
 
@@ -94,13 +123,13 @@ Release 3.1.0 (2017-08-04)
 
 * For improved backwards compatibility, SSHFS now also silently
   accepts the old ``-o cache_*`` options.
-  
+
 Release 3.0.0 (2017-07-08)
 --------------------------
 
 * sshfs now requires libfuse 3.1.0 or newer.
 * When supported by the kernel, sshfs now uses writeback caching.
-* The `cache` option has been renamed to `dir_cache` for clarity.  
+* The `cache` option has been renamed to `dir_cache` for clarity.
 * Added unit tests
 * --debug now behaves like -o debug_sshfs, i.e. it enables sshfs
   debugging messages rather than libfuse debugging messages.
@@ -115,7 +144,7 @@ Release 3.0.0 (2017-07-08)
 * Removed support for `-o workaround=all`. Workarounds should always
   enabled explicitly and only when needed. There is no point in always
   enabling a potentially changing set of workarounds.
-  
+
 Release 2.9 (2017-04-17)
 ------------------------
 
@@ -154,14 +183,14 @@ Release 2.4 (2012-03-08)
 ------------------------
 
 * New `slave` option.
-* New `idmap`, `uidmap` and `gidmap` options.  
+* New `idmap`, `uidmap` and `gidmap` options.
 * Various small bugfixes.
 
 Release 2.3 (2011-07-01)
 ------------------------
 
 * Support hard link creation if server is OpenSSH 5.7 or later
-* Small improvements and bug fixes  
+* Small improvements and bug fixes
 * Check mount point and options before connecting to ssh server
 * New 'delay_connect' option
 
@@ -174,7 +203,7 @@ Release 2.2 (2008-10-20)
 Release 2.1 (2008-07-11)
 ------------------------
 
-* Small improvements and bug fixes  
+* Small improvements and bug fixes
 
 Release 2.0 (2008-04-23)
 ------------------------

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+
+# SSHFS
+
+
+## About
+
+SSHFS allows you to mount a remote filesystem using SFTP. Most SSH
+servers support and enable this SFTP access by default, so SSHFS is
+very simple to use - there's nothing to do on the server-side.
+
+
+## Development Status
+
+
+SSHFS is shipped by all major Linux distributions and has been in
+production use across a wide range of systems for many years. However,
+at present SSHFS does not have any active, regular contributors, and
+there are a number of known issues (see the [bugtracker](https://github.com/libfuse/sshfs/issues)).  
+The current maintainer continues to apply pull requests and makes regular
+releases, but unfortunately has no capacity to do any development
+beyond addressing high-impact issues. When reporting bugs, please
+understand that unless you are including a pull request or are
+reporting a critical issue, you will probably not get a response.
+
+
+## How to use
+
+
+Once sshfs is installed (see next section) running it is very simple:
+
+```
+sshfs [user@]hostname:[directory] mountpoint
+```
+
+It is recommended to run SSHFS as regular user (not as root).  For
+this to work the mountpoint must be owned by the user.  If username is
+omitted SSHFS will use the local username. If the directory is
+omitted, SSHFS will mount the (remote) home directory.  If you need to
+enter a password sshfs will ask for it (actually it just runs ssh
+which asks for the password if needed).
+
+Also many ssh options can be specified (see the manual pages for
+*sftp(1)* and *ssh_config(5)*), including the remote port number
+(`-oport=PORT`)
+
+To unmount the filesystem:
+
+```
+fusermount -u mountpoint
+```
+
+On BSD and macOS, to unmount the filesystem:
+
+```
+umount mountpoint
+```
+
+## Installation
+
+
+First, download the latest SSHFS release from
+https://github.com/libfuse/sshfs/releases. You also need [libfuse](http://github.com/libfuse/libfuse) 3.1.0 or newer (or a
+similar library that provides a libfuse3 compatible interface for your operating
+system). Finally, you need the [Glib](https://developer.gnome.org/glib/stable/) library with development headers (which should be
+available from your operating system's package manager).
+
+To build and install, we recommend to use [Meson](http://mesonbuild.com/) (version 0.38 or
+newer) and [Ninja](https://ninja-build.org/).  After extracting the sshfs tarball, create a
+(temporary) build directory and run Meson:
+
+```
+$ mkdir build; cd build
+$ meson ..
+```
+
+Normally, the default build options will work fine. If you
+nevertheless want to adjust them, you can do so with the *mesonconf*
+command:
+
+```
+$ mesonconf                  # list options
+$ mesonconf -D strip=true    # set an option
+```
+
+To build, test and install SSHFS, you then use Ninja (running the
+tests requires the [py.test](http://www.pytest.org/) Python module):
+
+```
+$ ninja
+$ python3 -m pytest test/    # optional, but recommended
+$ sudo ninja install
+```
+
+## Getting Help
+
+
+If you need help, please ask on the <fuse-sshfs@lists.sourceforge.net>
+mailing list (subscribe at
+https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/fuse-sshfs).
+
+Please report any bugs on the GitHub issue tracker at
+https://github.com/libfuse/sshfs/issues.
+
+## Packaging Status
+
+
+<a href="https://repology.org/project/fusefs:sshfs/versions">
+    <img src="https://repology.org/badge/vertical-allrepos/fusefs:sshfs.svg" alt="Packaging status" >
+</a>

README.rst

@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-SSHFS
-=====
-
-
-About
------
-
-SSHFS allows you to mount a remote filesystem using SFTP. Most SSH
-servers support and enable this SFTP access by default, so SSHFS is
-very simple to use - there's nothing to do on the server-side.
-
-
-Development Status
-------------------
-
-SSHFS is shipped by all major Linux distributions and has been in
-production use across a wide range of systems for many years. However,
-at present SSHFS does not have any active, regular contributors, and
-there are a number of known issues (see the bugtracker).  The current
-maintainer continues to apply pull requests and makes regular
-releases, but unfortunately has no capacity to do any development
-beyond addressing high-impact issues. When reporting bugs, please
-understand that unless you are including a pull request or are
-reporting a critical issue, you will probably not get a response.
-
-
-How to use
-----------
-
-Once sshfs is installed (see next section) running it is very simple::
-
-    sshfs [user@]hostname:[directory] mountpoint
-
-It is recommended to run SSHFS as regular user (not as root).  For
-this to work the mountpoint must be owned by the user.  If username is
-omitted SSHFS will use the local username. If the directory is
-omitted, SSHFS will mount the (remote) home directory.  If you need to
-enter a password sshfs will ask for it (actually it just runs ssh
-which ask for the password if needed).
-
-Also many ssh options can be specified (see the manual pages for
-*sftp(1)* and *ssh_config(5)*), including the remote port number
-(``-oport=PORT``)
-
-To unmount the filesystem::
-
-    fusermount -u mountpoint
-
-On BSD and macOS, to unmount the filesystem::
-
-    umount mountpoint
-
-
-Installation
-------------
-
-First, download the latest SSHFS release from
-https://github.com/libfuse/sshfs/releases. On Linux and BSD, you will
-also need to install libfuse_ 3.1.0 or newer. On macOS, you need
-OSXFUSE_ instead. Finally, you need the Glib_ library with development
-headers (which should be available from your operating system's
-package manager).
-
-To build and install, we recommend to use Meson_ (version 0.38 or
-newer) and Ninja_.  After extracting the sshfs tarball, create a
-(temporary) build directory and run Meson::
-
-    $ mkdir build; cd build
-    $ meson ..
-
-Normally, the default build options will work fine. If you
-nevertheless want to adjust them, you can do so with the *mesonconf*
-command::
-
-    $ mesonconf                  # list options 
-    $ mesonconf -D strip=true    # set an option
-
-To build, test and install SSHFS, you then use Ninja (running the
-tests requires the `py.test`_ Python module)::
-
-    $ ninja
-    $ python3 -m pytest test/    # optional, but recommended
-    $ sudo ninja install
-
-.. _libfuse: http://github.com/libfuse/libfuse
-.. _OSXFUSE: https://osxfuse.github.io/
-.. _Glib: https://developer.gnome.org/glib/stable/
-.. _Meson: http://mesonbuild.com/
-.. _Ninja: https://ninja-build.org/
-.. _`py.test`: http://www.pytest.org/
-
-Getting Help
-------------
-
-If you need help, please ask on the <fuse-sshfs@lists.sourceforge.net>
-mailing list (subscribe at
-https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/fuse-sshfs).
-
-Please report any bugs on the GitHub issue tracker at
-https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/issues.
-
-
-Professional Support
---------------------
-
-Professional support is offered via `Rath Consulting`_.
-
-.. _`Rath Consulting`: http://www.rath-consulting.biz

cache.c

@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ static void *cache_init(struct fuse_conn_info *conn,
 {
 	void *res;
 	res = cache.next_oper->init(conn, cfg);
-	
+
 	// Cache requires a path for each request
 	cfg->nullpath_ok = 0;
 
@@ -318,9 +318,9 @@ static int cache_releasedir(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
 {
 	int err;
 	struct file_handle *cfi;
-	
+
 	cfi = (struct file_handle*) fi->fh;
-	
+
 	if(cfi->is_open) {
 		fi->fh = cfi->fs_fh;
 		err = cache.next_oper->releasedir(path, fi);
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ static int cache_readdir(const char *path, void *buf, fuse_fill_dir_t filler,
 	struct node *node;
 
 	assert(offset == 0);
-	
+
 	pthread_mutex_lock(&cache.lock);
 	node = cache_lookup(path);
 	if (node != NULL && node->dir != NULL) {
@@ -391,8 +391,8 @@ static int cache_readdir(const char *path, void *buf, fuse_fill_dir_t filler,
 		}
 		cfi->is_open = 1;
 		cfi->fs_fh = fi->fh;
-	} 
-	
+	}
+
 	ch.path = path;
 	ch.buf = buf;
 	ch.filler = filler;

compat/fuse_opt.h

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ extern "C" {
 /**
  * Option description
  *
- * This structure describes a single option, and and action associated
+ * This structure describes a single option, and an action associated
  * with it, in case it matches.
  *
  * More than one such match may occur, in which case the action for

make_release_tarball.sh

@@ -27,4 +27,3 @@ gpg --armor --detach-sign "${TAG}.tar.xz"
 PREV_TAG="$(git tag --list 'sshfs-3*' --sort=-taggerdate --merged "${TAG}^"| head -1)"
 echo "Contributors from ${PREV_TAG} to ${TAG}:"
 git log --pretty="format:%an <%aE>" "${PREV_TAG}..${TAG}" | sort -u
-

meson.build

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-project('sshfs', 'c', version: '3.7.0',
+project('sshfs', 'c', version: '3.7.3',
         meson_version: '>= 0.40',
         default_options: [ 'buildtype=debugoptimized' ])
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ endif
 
 
 rst2man = find_program('rst2man', 'rst2man.py', required: false)
-  
+
 cfg = configuration_data()
 
 cfg.set_quoted('PACKAGE_VERSION', meson.project_version())
@@ -69,4 +69,3 @@ meson.add_install_script('utils/install_helper.sh',
 
 
 subdir('test')
-

sshfs.c

@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@
 #  include <libgen.h>
 #  include <darwin_compat.h>
 #endif
+#ifdef __linux__
+#  include <linux/vm_sockets.h>
+#endif
 
 #include "cache.h"
 
@@ -141,7 +144,7 @@
 /*
    Handling of multiple SFTP connections
    --------------------------------------
-   
+
    An SFTP server is free to return responses to outstanding requests in arbitrary
    order. However, execution of requests may only be re-ordered and parallelized as long
    as "the results in the responses will be the same as if [the client] had sent the
@@ -158,11 +161,11 @@
    involved) wait for the other requests to complete. This means that e.g. a readdir
    request would have to block on most other activity in the same directory, eliminating a
    major advantage of using multiple connections.
-   
+
    In practice, we can luckily take advantage of the knowledge that most FUSE requests are
    the result of (synchronous) syscalls from userspace that will block until the
    corresponding FUSE response has been sent.
-   
+
    If -o sshfs_sync is used, SSHFS always waits for the SFTP server response before
    returning a FUSE response to userspace. If userspace makes concurrent system calls,
    there is no ordering guarantee in the first place, so we do not have to worry about
@@ -341,7 +344,7 @@ struct sshfs {
 	int foreground;
 	int reconnect;
 	int delay_connect;
-	int slave;
+	int passive;
 	char *host;
 	char *base_path;
 	GHashTable *reqtab;
@@ -349,9 +352,10 @@ struct sshfs {
 	pthread_mutex_t lock;
 	unsigned int randseed;
 	int max_conns;
+	char *vsock;
 	struct conn *conns;
 	int ptyfd;
-	int ptyslavefd;
+	int ptypassivefd;
 	int connvers;
 	int server_version;
 	unsigned remote_uid;
@@ -432,7 +436,7 @@ static const char *ssh_opts[] = {
 	"ProxyCommand",
 	"ProxyJump",
 	"ProxyUseFdpass",
-	"PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes"
+	"PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes",
 	"PubkeyAuthentication",
 	"RekeyLimit",
 	"RevokedHostKeys",
@@ -497,12 +501,14 @@ static struct fuse_opt sshfs_opts[] = {
 	SSHFS_OPT("no_check_root",     no_check_root, 1),
 	SSHFS_OPT("password_stdin",    password_stdin, 1),
 	SSHFS_OPT("delay_connect",     delay_connect, 1),
-	SSHFS_OPT("slave",             slave, 1),
+	SSHFS_OPT("slave",             passive, 1),
+	SSHFS_OPT("passive",           passive, 1),
 	SSHFS_OPT("disable_hardlink",  disable_hardlink, 1),
 	SSHFS_OPT("dir_cache=yes", dir_cache, 1),
 	SSHFS_OPT("dir_cache=no",  dir_cache, 0),
 	SSHFS_OPT("direct_io",  direct_io, 1),
 	SSHFS_OPT("max_conns=%u",  max_conns, 1),
+	SSHFS_OPT("vsock=%s",      vsock, 0),
 
 	SSHFS_OPT("-h",		show_help, 1),
 	SSHFS_OPT("--help",	show_help, 1),
@@ -522,7 +528,7 @@ static struct fuse_opt sshfs_opts[] = {
 	/* For backwards compatibility */
 	SSHFS_OPT("cache=yes", dir_cache, 1),
 	SSHFS_OPT("cache=no",  dir_cache, 0),
-	
+
 	FUSE_OPT_KEY("writeback_cache=no", FUSE_OPT_KEY_DISCARD),
 	FUSE_OPT_KEY("unreliable_append", FUSE_OPT_KEY_DISCARD),
 
@@ -1068,10 +1074,11 @@ static struct conn* get_conn(const struct sshfs_file *sf,
 			     const char *path)
 {
 	struct conntab_entry *ce;
+	int i;
 
 	if (sshfs.max_conns == 1)
 		return &sshfs.conns[0];
-	
+
 	if (sf != NULL)
 		return sf->conn;
 
@@ -1089,7 +1096,7 @@ static struct conn* get_conn(const struct sshfs_file *sf,
 
 	int best_index = 0;
 	uint64_t best_score = ~0ULL; /* smaller is better */
-	for (int i = 0; i < sshfs.max_conns; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; i < sshfs.max_conns; i++) {
 		uint64_t score = ((uint64_t) sshfs.conns[i].req_count << 43) +
 				 ((uint64_t) sshfs.conns[i].dir_count << 22) +
 				 ((uint64_t) sshfs.conns[i].file_count << 1) +
@@ -1146,8 +1153,8 @@ static int start_ssh(struct conn *conn)
 		if (sshfs.ptyfd == -1)
 			return -1;
 
-		sshfs.ptyslavefd = open(ptyname, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY);
-		if (sshfs.ptyslavefd == -1)
+		sshfs.ptypassivefd = open(ptyname, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY);
+		if (sshfs.ptypassivefd == -1)
 			return -1;
 	}
 
@@ -1189,6 +1196,12 @@ static int start_ssh(struct conn *conn)
 			_exit(0);
 		}
 		chdir("/");
+		/*
+		 * Avoid processes hanging trying to stat() OLDPWD if it is in
+		 * the mount point. This can be removed if sshfs opens the
+		 * mount point after establishing the ssh connection.
+		 */
+		unsetenv("OLDPWD");
 
 		if (sshfs.password_stdin) {
 			int sfd;
@@ -1200,7 +1213,7 @@ static int start_ssh(struct conn *conn)
 				_exit(1);
 			}
 			close(sfd);
-			close(sshfs.ptyslavefd);
+			close(sshfs.ptypassivefd);
 			close(sshfs.ptyfd);
 		}
 
@@ -1224,7 +1237,7 @@ static int start_ssh(struct conn *conn)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int connect_slave(struct conn *conn)
+static int connect_passive(struct conn *conn)
 {
 	conn->rfd = STDIN_FILENO;
 	conn->wfd = STDOUT_FILENO;
@@ -1273,6 +1286,60 @@ static int connect_to(struct conn *conn, char *host, char *port)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int connect_vsock(struct conn *conn, char *vsock)
+{
+#ifndef __linux__
+	fprintf(stderr, "vsock is not available\n");
+	return -1;
+#else
+	int err;
+	int sock;
+	struct sockaddr_vm addr;
+	unsigned int cid;
+	unsigned int port;
+	char *delim;
+
+	delim = strchr(vsock, ':');
+	if (delim == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "invalid vsock, expecting CID:PORT\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	*delim = '\0';
+	errno = 0;
+	cid = strtoul(vsock, NULL, 10);
+	if (errno) {
+		perror("invalid cid");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	errno = 0;
+	port = strtoul(delim + 1, NULL, 10);
+	if (errno) {
+		perror("invalid port");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	sock = socket(AF_VSOCK, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+	if (sock == -1) {
+		perror("failed to create socket");
+		return -1;
+	}
+	memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
+	addr.svm_family = AF_VSOCK;
+	addr.svm_cid = cid;
+	addr.svm_port = port;
+	err = connect(sock, (const struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
+	if (err == -1) {
+		perror("failed to connect vsock");
+		close(sock);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	conn->rfd = sock;
+	conn->wfd = sock;
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
 static int do_write(struct conn *conn, struct iovec *iov, size_t count)
 {
 	int res;
@@ -1393,9 +1460,11 @@ static int sftp_read(struct conn *conn, uint8_t *type, struct buffer *buf)
 
 static void request_free(struct request *req)
 {
-	pthread_mutex_lock(&sshfs.lock);
+	if (req->end_func)
+		req->end_func(req);
+
 	req->conn->req_count--;
-	pthread_mutex_unlock(&sshfs.lock);
+
 	buf_free(&req->reply);
 	sem_destroy(&req->ready);
 	g_free(req);
@@ -1441,11 +1510,9 @@ static int clean_req(void *key, struct request *req, gpointer user_data)
 	req->error = -EIO;
 	if (req->want_reply)
 		sem_post(&req->ready);
-	else {
-		if (req->end_func)
-			req->end_func(req);
+	else
 		request_free(req);
-	}
+
 	return TRUE;
 }
 
@@ -1507,12 +1574,9 @@ static int process_one_request(struct conn *conn)
 		if (req->want_reply)
 			sem_post(&req->ready);
 		else {
-			if (req->end_func) {
-				pthread_mutex_lock(&sshfs.lock);
-				req->end_func(req);
-				pthread_mutex_unlock(&sshfs.lock);
-			}
+			pthread_mutex_lock(&sshfs.lock);
 			request_free(req);
+			pthread_mutex_unlock(&sshfs.lock);
 		}
 	} else
 		buf_free(&buf);
@@ -1531,9 +1595,9 @@ static void close_conn(struct conn *conn)
 		close(sshfs.ptyfd);
 		sshfs.ptyfd = -1;
 	}
-	if (sshfs.ptyslavefd != -1) {
-		close(sshfs.ptyslavefd);
-		sshfs.ptyslavefd = -1;
+	if (sshfs.ptypassivefd != -1) {
+		close(sshfs.ptypassivefd);
+		sshfs.ptypassivefd = -1;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1824,10 +1888,12 @@ static int connect_remote(struct conn *conn)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	if (sshfs.slave)
-		err = connect_slave(conn);
+	if (sshfs.passive)
+		err = connect_passive(conn);
 	else if (sshfs.directport)
 		err = connect_to(conn, sshfs.host, sshfs.directport);
+	else if (sshfs.vsock)
+		err = connect_vsock(conn, sshfs.vsock);
 	else
 		err = start_ssh(conn);
 	if (!err)
@@ -1901,7 +1967,7 @@ static void *sshfs_init(struct fuse_conn_info *conn,
 
 	// SFTP only supports 1-second time resolution
 	conn->time_gran = 1000000000;
-	
+
 	return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -1962,12 +2028,9 @@ static int sftp_request_wait(struct request *req, uint8_t type,
 	}
 
 out:
-	if (req->end_func) {
-		pthread_mutex_lock(&sshfs.lock);
-		req->end_func(req);
-		pthread_mutex_unlock(&sshfs.lock);
-	}
+	pthread_mutex_lock(&sshfs.lock);
 	request_free(req);
+	pthread_mutex_unlock(&sshfs.lock);
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -2369,6 +2432,13 @@ static int sshfs_mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode)
 	// Commutes with pending write(), so we can use any connection
 	err = sftp_request(get_conn(NULL, NULL), SSH_FXP_MKDIR, &buf, SSH_FXP_STATUS, NULL);
 	buf_free(&buf);
+
+	if (err == -EPERM) {
+		if (sshfs.op->access(path, R_OK) == 0) {
+			return -EEXIST;
+		}
+	}
+
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -2385,7 +2455,7 @@ static int sshfs_mknod(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t rdev)
 
 	// Commutes with pending write(), so we can use any connection
 	conn = get_conn(NULL, NULL);
-	
+
 	buf_init(&buf, 0);
 	buf_add_path(&buf, path);
 	buf_add_uint32(&buf, SSH_FXF_WRITE | SSH_FXF_CREAT | SSH_FXF_EXCL);
@@ -2523,7 +2593,7 @@ static int sshfs_rename(const char *from, const char *to, unsigned int flags)
 		}
 		pthread_mutex_unlock(&sshfs.lock);
 	}
-	
+
 	return err;
 }
 
@@ -2580,12 +2650,12 @@ static int sshfs_chmod(const char *path, mode_t mode,
 	buf_init(&buf, 0);
 	if (sf == NULL)
 		buf_add_path(&buf, path);
-	else 
+	else
 		buf_add_buf(&buf, &sf->handle);
-	
+
 	buf_add_uint32(&buf, SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_PERMISSIONS);
 	buf_add_uint32(&buf, mode);
-	
+
 	/* FIXME: really needs LSETSTAT extension (debian Bug#640038) */
 	// Commutes with pending write(), so we can use any connection
 	// if the file is not open.
@@ -2609,7 +2679,7 @@ static int sshfs_chown(const char *path, uid_t uid, gid_t gid,
 		if (!sshfs_file_is_conn(sf))
 			return -EIO;
 	}
-	
+
 	if (sshfs.remote_uid_detected) {
 		if (uid == sshfs.local_uid)
 			uid = sshfs.remote_uid;
@@ -2626,7 +2696,7 @@ static int sshfs_chown(const char *path, uid_t uid, gid_t gid,
 	buf_init(&buf, 0);
 	if (sf == NULL)
 		buf_add_path(&buf, path);
-	else 
+	else
 		buf_add_buf(&buf, &sf->handle);
 	buf_add_uint32(&buf, SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_UIDGID);
 	buf_add_uint32(&buf, uid);
@@ -2676,7 +2746,7 @@ static int sshfs_utimens(const char *path, const struct timespec tv[2],
 	buf_init(&buf, 0);
 	if (sf == NULL)
 		buf_add_path(&buf, path);
-	else 
+	else
 		buf_add_buf(&buf, &sf->handle);
 	buf_add_uint32(&buf, SSH_FILEXFER_ATTR_ACMODTIME);
 	buf_add_uint32(&buf, asec);
@@ -2731,7 +2801,7 @@ static int sshfs_open_common(const char *path, mode_t mode,
 
 	if (fi->flags & O_APPEND)
 		pflags |= SSH_FXF_APPEND;
-	
+
 	sf = g_new0(struct sshfs_file, 1);
 	list_init(&sf->write_reqs);
 	pthread_cond_init(&sf->write_finished, NULL);
@@ -2741,7 +2811,7 @@ static int sshfs_open_common(const char *path, mode_t mode,
 	pthread_mutex_lock(&sshfs.lock);
 	sf->modifver= sshfs.modifver;
 	if (sshfs.max_conns > 1) {
-		ce = g_hash_table_lookup(sshfs.conntab, path);		
+		ce = g_hash_table_lookup(sshfs.conntab, path);
 		if (!ce) {
 			ce = g_malloc(sizeof(struct conntab_entry));
 			ce->refcount = 0;
@@ -3345,7 +3415,7 @@ static int sshfs_truncate(const char *path, off_t size,
 	sshfs_inc_modifver();
 	if (sshfs.truncate_workaround)
 		return sshfs_truncate_workaround(path, size, fi);
-	
+
 	buf_init(&buf, 0);
 
 	if (sf != NULL)
@@ -3388,7 +3458,7 @@ static int sshfs_getattr(const char *path, struct stat *stbuf,
 		buf_add_buf(&buf, &sf->handle);
 		err = sftp_request(sf->conn, SSH_FXP_FSTAT, &buf,
 				   SSH_FXP_ATTRS, &outbuf);
-	}		
+	}
 	if (!err) {
 		err = buf_get_attrs(&outbuf, stbuf, NULL);
 #ifdef __APPLE__
@@ -3629,13 +3699,14 @@ static void usage(const char *progname)
 "    -o ssh_protocol=N      ssh protocol to use (default: 2)\n"
 "    -o sftp_server=SERV    path to sftp server or subsystem (default: sftp)\n"
 "    -o directport=PORT     directly connect to PORT bypassing ssh\n"
-"    -o slave               communicate over stdin and stdout bypassing network\n"
+"    -o passive             communicate over stdin and stdout bypassing network\n"
 "    -o disable_hardlink    link(2) will return with errno set to ENOSYS\n"
 "    -o transform_symlinks  transform absolute symlinks to relative\n"
 "    -o follow_symlinks     follow symlinks on the server\n"
 "    -o no_check_root       don't check for existence of 'dir' on server\n"
 "    -o password_stdin      read password from stdin (only for pam_mount!)\n"
 "    -o max_conns=N         open parallel SSH connections\n"
+"    -o vsock=CID:PORT      connect to the given vsock\n"
 "    -o SSHOPT=VAL          ssh options (see man ssh_config)\n"
 "\n"
 "FUSE Options:\n",
@@ -4182,9 +4253,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	sshfs.show_version = 0;
 	sshfs.singlethread = 0;
 	sshfs.foreground = 0;
-	sshfs.ptyslavefd = -1;
+	sshfs.ptypassivefd = -1;
 	sshfs.delay_connect = 0;
-	sshfs.slave = 0;
+	sshfs.passive = 0;
 	sshfs.detect_uid = 0;
 	if (strcmp(IDMAP_DEFAULT, "none") == 0) {
 		sshfs.idmap = IDMAP_NONE;
@@ -4250,12 +4321,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	DEBUG("SSHFS version %s\n", PACKAGE_VERSION);
 
 	/* Force sshfs to the foreground when using stdin+stdout */
-	if (sshfs.slave)
+	if (sshfs.passive)
 		sshfs.foreground = 1;
 
 
-	if (sshfs.slave && sshfs.password_stdin) {
-		fprintf(stderr, "the password_stdin and slave options cannot both be specified\n");
+	if (sshfs.passive && sshfs.password_stdin) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "the password_stdin and passive options cannot both be specified\n");
 		exit(1);
 	}
 
@@ -4287,8 +4358,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 			exit(1);
 		}
 
-		if (sshfs.slave) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "slave option cannot be specified with parallel connections\n");
+		if (sshfs.passive) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "passive option cannot be specified with parallel connections\n");
 			exit(1);
 		}
 	} else if (sshfs.max_conns <= 0) {

sshfs.rst

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ credentials that were used to connect to the server. If this is undesired, local
 permission checking can be enabled with ``-o default_permissions``.
 
 By default, only the mounting user will be able to access the filesystem. Access for other
-users can be enabled by passing ``-o allow_others``. In this case you most likely also
+users can be enabled by passing ``-o allow_other``. In this case you most likely also
 want to use ``-o default_permissions``.
 
 It is recommended to run SSHFS as regular user (not as root).  For this to work the
@@ -156,8 +156,14 @@ Options
 -o directport=PORT
    directly connect to PORT bypassing ssh
 
--o slave
-   communicate over stdin and stdout bypassing network
+-o vsock=CID:PORT
+   directly connect using a vsock to CID:PORT bypassing ssh
+
+-o passive
+   communicate over stdin and stdout bypassing network. Useful for
+   mounting local filesystem on the remote side.  An example using
+   dpipe command would be ``dpipe /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server = ssh
+   RemoteHostname sshfs :/directory/to/be/shared ~/mnt/src -o passive``
 
 -o disable_hardlink
    With this option set, attempts to call `link(2)` will fail with
@@ -187,17 +193,17 @@ Options
    directory cache holds the names of directory entries. Enabling it
    allows `readdir(3)` system calls to be processed without network
    access.
-   
+
 -o dcache_max_size=N
    sets the maximum size of the directory cache.
-   
+
 -o dcache_timeout=N
    sets timeout for directory cache in seconds.
-   
+
 -o dcache_{stat,link,dir}_timeout=N
    sets separate timeout for {attributes, symlinks, names} in  the
    directory cache.
-   
+
 -o dcache_clean_interval=N
    sets the interval for automatic cleaning of the directory cache.
 
@@ -206,25 +212,25 @@ Options
    when full.
 
 -o direct_io
-   This option disables the use of page cache (file content cache) in 
+   This option disables the use of page cache (file content cache) in
    the kernel for this filesystem.
    This has several affects:
 
    1. Each read() or write() system call will initiate one or more read or
       write operations, data will not be cached in the kernel.
 
-   2. The return value of the read() and write() system calls will correspond 
-      to the return values of the read and write operations. This is useful 
+   2. The return value of the read() and write() system calls will correspond
+      to the return values of the read and write operations. This is useful
       for example if the file size is not known in advance (before reading it).
-      e.g. /proc filesystem 
+      e.g. /proc filesystem
 
 -o max_conns=N
    sets the maximum number of simultaneous SSH connections
    to use. Each connection is established with a separate SSH process.
    The primary purpose of this feature is to improve the responsiveness of the
    file system during large file transfers. When using more than once
-   connection, the *password_stdin* and *slave* options can not be
-   used, and the *buflimit* workaround is not supported/
+   connection, the *password_stdin* and *passive* options can not be
+   used, and the *buflimit* workaround is not supported.
 
 In addition, SSHFS accepts several options common to all FUSE file
 systems. These are described in the `mount.fuse` manpage (look
@@ -271,7 +277,7 @@ SSHFS hangs for no apparent reason
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 In some cases, attempts to access the SSHFS mountpoint may freeze if
-no filesystem activity has occured for some time. This is typically
+no filesystem activity has occurred for some time. This is typically
 caused by the SSH connection being dropped because of inactivity
 without SSHFS being informed about that. As a workaround, you can try
 to mount with ``-o ServerAliveInterval=15``. This will force the SSH
@@ -308,7 +314,7 @@ interrupted.
 Mounting from /etc/fstab
 ========================
 
-To mount an SSHFS filesystem from ``/etc/fstab``, simply use ``sshfs`
+To mount an SSHFS filesystem from ``/etc/fstab``, simply use ``sshfs``
 as the file system type. (For backwards compatibility, you may also
 use ``fuse.sshfs``).
 

test/appveyor-build.sh

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+set -e
 
 machine=$(uname -m)
-mkdir build-$machine
-cd build-$machine
+mkdir "build-$machine"
+cd "build-$machine"
 meson ..
 ninja

test/conftest.py

@@ -3,24 +3,28 @@ import pytest
 import time
 import re
 
-# If a test fails, wait a moment before retrieving the captured
-# stdout/stderr. When using a server process, this makes sure that we capture
-# any potential output of the server that comes *after* a test has failed. For
-# example, if a request handler raises an exception, the server first signals an
-# error to FUSE (causing the test to fail), and then logs the exception. Without
-# the extra delay, the exception will go into nowhere.
-@pytest.mark.hookwrapper
+# If a test fails, wait a moment before retrieving the captured stdout/stderr.
+# When using a server process, this makes sure that we capture any potential
+# output of the server that comes *after* a test has failed. For example, if a
+# request handler raises an exception, the server first signals an error to
+# FUSE (causing the test to fail), and then logs the exception. Without the
+# extra delay, the exception will go into nowhere.
+
+
+@pytest.hookimpl(hookwrapper=True)
 def pytest_pyfunc_call(pyfuncitem):
     outcome = yield
     failed = outcome.excinfo is not None
     if failed:
         time.sleep(1)
 
+
 @pytest.fixture()
 def pass_capfd(request, capfd):
-    '''Provide capfd object to UnitTest instances'''
+    """Provide capfd object to UnitTest instances"""
     request.instance.capfd = capfd
 
+
 def check_test_output(capfd):
     (stdout, stderr) = capfd.readouterr()
 
@@ -31,39 +35,57 @@ def check_test_output(capfd):
     # Strip out false positives
     for (pattern, flags, count) in capfd.false_positives:
         cp = re.compile(pattern, flags)
-        (stdout, cnt) = cp.subn('', stdout, count=count)
+        (stdout, cnt) = cp.subn("", stdout, count=count)
         if count == 0 or count - cnt > 0:
-            stderr = cp.sub('', stderr, count=count - cnt)
+            stderr = cp.sub("", stderr, count=count - cnt)
 
-    patterns = [ r'\b{}\b'.format(x) for x in
-                 ('exception', 'error', 'warning', 'fatal', 'traceback',
-                    'fault', 'crash(?:ed)?', 'abort(?:ed)',
-                    'uninitiali[zs]ed') ]
-    patterns += ['^==[0-9]+== ']
+    patterns = [
+        r"\b{}\b".format(x)
+        for x in (
+            "exception",
+            "error",
+            "warning",
+            "fatal",
+            "traceback",
+            "fault",
+            "crash(?:ed)?",
+            "abort(?:ed)",
+            "uninitiali[zs]ed",
+        )
+    ]
+    patterns += ["^==[0-9]+== "]
     for pattern in patterns:
         cp = re.compile(pattern, re.IGNORECASE | re.MULTILINE)
         hit = cp.search(stderr)
         if hit:
-            raise AssertionError('Suspicious output to stderr (matched "%s")' % hit.group(0))
+            raise AssertionError(
+                'Suspicious output to stderr (matched "%s")' % hit.group(0)
+            )
         hit = cp.search(stdout)
         if hit:
-            raise AssertionError('Suspicious output to stdout (matched "%s")' % hit.group(0))
+            raise AssertionError(
+                'Suspicious output to stdout (matched "%s")' % hit.group(0)
+            )
+
 
 def register_output(self, pattern, count=1, flags=re.MULTILINE):
-    '''Register *pattern* as false positive for output checking
+    """Register *pattern* as false positive for output checking
 
     This prevents the test from failing because the output otherwise
     appears suspicious.
-    '''
+    """
 
     self.false_positives.append((pattern, flags, count))
 
+
 # This is a terrible hack that allows us to access the fixtures from the
 # pytest_runtest_call hook. Among a lot of other hidden assumptions, it probably
 # relies on tests running sequential (i.e., don't dare to use e.g. the xdist
 # plugin)
 current_capfd = None
-@pytest.yield_fixture(autouse=True)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
 def save_cap_fixtures(request, capfd):
     global current_capfd
     capfd.false_positives = []
@@ -71,7 +93,7 @@ def save_cap_fixtures(request, capfd):
     # Monkeypatch in a function to register false positives
     type(capfd).register_output = register_output
 
-    if request.config.getoption('capture') == 'no':
+    if request.config.getoption("capture") == "no":
         capfd = None
     current_capfd = capfd
     bak = current_capfd
@@ -82,6 +104,7 @@ def save_cap_fixtures(request, capfd):
     assert bak is current_capfd
     current_capfd = None
 
+
 @pytest.hookimpl(trylast=True)
 def pytest_runtest_call(item):
     capfd = current_capfd

test/lint.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+pip3 install --user pre-commit
+pre-commit run --all-files --show-diff-on-failure

test/meson.build

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ test_scripts = [ 'conftest.py', 'pytest.ini', 'test_sshfs.py',
                  'util.py' ]
 custom_target('test_scripts', input: test_scripts,
               output: test_scripts, build_by_default: true,
-              command: ['cp', '-fPp', 
+              command: ['cp', '-fPp',
                         '@INPUT@', meson.current_build_dir() ])
 
 # Provide something helpful when running 'ninja test'

test/pytest.ini

@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 [pytest]
 addopts = --verbose --assert=rewrite --tb=native -x -r a
+
+markers = uses_fuse: Mark to indicate that FUSE is available on the system running the test

test/test_sshfs.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     import pytest
     import sys
+
     sys.exit(pytest.main([__file__] + sys.argv[1:]))
 
 import subprocess
@@ -13,79 +14,123 @@ import stat
 import shutil
 import filecmp
 import errno
-from contextlib import contextmanager
 from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile
-from util import (wait_for_mount, umount, cleanup, base_cmdline,
-                  basename, fuse_test_marker, safe_sleep)
+from util import (
+    wait_for_mount,
+    umount,
+    cleanup,
+    base_cmdline,
+    basename,
+    fuse_test_marker,
+    safe_sleep,
+    os_create,
+    os_open,
+)
 from os.path import join as pjoin
 
 TEST_FILE = __file__
 
 pytestmark = fuse_test_marker()
 
-with open(TEST_FILE, 'rb') as fh:
+with open(TEST_FILE, "rb") as fh:
     TEST_DATA = fh.read()
 
-def name_generator(__ctr=[0]):
-    __ctr[0] += 1
-    return 'testfile_%d' % __ctr[0]
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("debug", (False, True))
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("cache_timeout", (0,1))
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("sync_rd", (True, False))
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("multiconn", (True,False))
-def test_sshfs(tmpdir, debug, cache_timeout, sync_rd, multiconn, capfd):
-    
+def name_generator(__ctr=[0]) -> str:
+    """Generate a fresh filename on each call"""
+
+    __ctr[0] += 1
+    return f"testfile_{__ctr[0]}"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "debug",
+    [pytest.param(False, id="debug=false"), pytest.param(True, id="debug=true")],
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "cache_timeout",
+    [pytest.param(0, id="cache_timeout=0"), pytest.param(1, id="cache_timeout=1")],
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "sync_rd",
+    [pytest.param(True, id="sync_rd=true"), pytest.param(False, id="sync_rd=false")],
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "multiconn",
+    [
+        pytest.param(True, id="multiconn=true"),
+        pytest.param(False, id="multiconn=false"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_sshfs(
+    tmpdir, debug: bool, cache_timeout: int, sync_rd: bool, multiconn: bool, capfd
+) -> None:
+
     # Avoid false positives from debug messages
-    #if debug:
+    # if debug:
     #    capfd.register_output(r'^   unique: [0-9]+, error: -[0-9]+ .+$',
     #                          count=0)
 
-    # Avoid false positives from storing key for localhost 
+    # Avoid false positives from storing key for localhost
     capfd.register_output(r"^Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' .+", count=0)
-    
+
     # Test if we can ssh into localhost without password
     try:
-        res = subprocess.call(['ssh', '-o', 'KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no',
-                               '-o', 'ChallengeResponseAuthentication=no',
-                               '-o', 'PasswordAuthentication=no',
-                               'localhost', '--', 'true'], stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL,
-                              timeout=10)
+        res = subprocess.call(
+            [
+                "ssh",
+                "-o",
+                "StrictHostKeyChecking=no",
+                "-o",
+                "KbdInteractiveAuthentication=no",
+                "-o",
+                "ChallengeResponseAuthentication=no",
+                "-o",
+                "PasswordAuthentication=no",
+                "localhost",
+                "--",
+                "true",
+            ],
+            stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+            timeout=10,
+        )
     except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
         res = 1
     if res != 0:
-        pytest.fail('Unable to ssh into localhost without password prompt.')
+        pytest.fail("Unable to ssh into localhost without password prompt.")
 
-    mnt_dir = str(tmpdir.mkdir('mnt'))
-    src_dir = str(tmpdir.mkdir('src'))
+    mnt_dir = str(tmpdir.mkdir("mnt"))
+    src_dir = str(tmpdir.mkdir("src"))
 
-    cmdline = base_cmdline + [ pjoin(basename, 'sshfs'),
-                               '-f', 'localhost:' + src_dir, mnt_dir ]
+    cmdline = base_cmdline + [
+        pjoin(basename, "sshfs"),
+        "-f",
+        f"localhost:{src_dir}",
+        mnt_dir,
+    ]
     if debug:
-        cmdline += [ '-o', 'sshfs_debug' ]
+        cmdline += ["-o", "sshfs_debug"]
 
     if sync_rd:
-        cmdline += [ '-o', 'sync_readdir' ]
+        cmdline += ["-o", "sync_readdir"]
 
     # SSHFS Cache
     if cache_timeout == 0:
-        cmdline += [ '-o', 'dir_cache=no' ]
+        cmdline += ["-o", "dir_cache=no"]
     else:
-        cmdline += [ '-o', 'dcache_timeout=%d' % cache_timeout,
-                     '-o', 'dir_cache=yes' ]
+        cmdline += ["-o", f"dcache_timeout={cache_timeout}", "-o", "dir_cache=yes"]
 
     # FUSE Cache
-    cmdline += [ '-o', 'entry_timeout=0',
-                 '-o', 'attr_timeout=0' ]
+    cmdline += ["-o", "entry_timeout=0", "-o", "attr_timeout=0"]
 
     if multiconn:
-        cmdline += [ '-o', 'max_conns=3' ]
-    
-    new_env = dict(os.environ) # copy, don't modify
+        cmdline += ["-o", "max_conns=3"]
+
+    new_env = dict(os.environ)  # copy, don't modify
 
     # Abort on warnings from glib
-    new_env['G_DEBUG'] = 'fatal-warnings'
-    
+    new_env["G_DEBUG"] = "fatal-warnings"
+
     mount_process = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, env=new_env)
     try:
         wait_for_mount(mount_process, mnt_dir)
@@ -114,30 +159,20 @@ def test_sshfs(tmpdir, debug, cache_timeout, sync_rd, multiconn, capfd):
         tst_truncate_path(mnt_dir)
         tst_truncate_fd(mnt_dir)
         tst_open_unlink(mnt_dir)
-    except:
+    except Exception as exc:
         cleanup(mount_process, mnt_dir)
-        raise
+        raise exc
     else:
         umount(mount_process, mnt_dir)
 
-@contextmanager
-def os_open(name, flags):
-    fd = os.open(name, flags)
-    try:
-        yield fd
-    finally:
-        os.close(fd)
-
-def os_create(name):
-    os.close(os.open(name, os.O_CREAT | os.O_RDWR))
 
 def tst_unlink(src_dir, mnt_dir, cache_timeout):
     name = name_generator()
     fullname = mnt_dir + "/" + name
-    with open(pjoin(src_dir, name), 'wb') as fh:
-        fh.write(b'hello')
+    with open(pjoin(src_dir, name), "wb") as fh:
+        fh.write(b"hello")
     if cache_timeout:
-        safe_sleep(cache_timeout+1)
+        safe_sleep(cache_timeout + 1)
     assert name in os.listdir(mnt_dir)
     os.unlink(fullname)
     with pytest.raises(OSError) as exc_info:
@@ -146,22 +181,24 @@ def tst_unlink(src_dir, mnt_dir, cache_timeout):
     assert name not in os.listdir(mnt_dir)
     assert name not in os.listdir(src_dir)
 
+
 def tst_mkdir(mnt_dir):
     dirname = name_generator()
     fullname = mnt_dir + "/" + dirname
     os.mkdir(fullname)
     fstat = os.stat(fullname)
     assert stat.S_ISDIR(fstat.st_mode)
-    assert os.listdir(fullname) ==  []
-    assert fstat.st_nlink in (1,2)
+    assert os.listdir(fullname) == []
+    assert fstat.st_nlink in (1, 2)
     assert dirname in os.listdir(mnt_dir)
 
+
 def tst_rmdir(src_dir, mnt_dir, cache_timeout):
     name = name_generator()
     fullname = mnt_dir + "/" + name
     os.mkdir(pjoin(src_dir, name))
     if cache_timeout:
-        safe_sleep(cache_timeout+1)
+        safe_sleep(cache_timeout + 1)
     assert name in os.listdir(mnt_dir)
     os.rmdir(fullname)
     with pytest.raises(OSError) as exc_info:
@@ -170,6 +207,7 @@ def tst_rmdir(src_dir, mnt_dir, cache_timeout):
     assert name not in os.listdir(mnt_dir)
     assert name not in os.listdir(src_dir)
 
+
 def tst_symlink(mnt_dir):
     linkname = name_generator()
     fullname = mnt_dir + "/" + linkname
@@ -180,6 +218,7 @@ def tst_symlink(mnt_dir):
     assert fstat.st_nlink == 1
     assert linkname in os.listdir(mnt_dir)
 
+
 def tst_create(mnt_dir):
     name = name_generator()
     fullname = pjoin(mnt_dir, name)
@@ -197,6 +236,7 @@ def tst_create(mnt_dir):
     assert fstat.st_nlink == 1
     assert fstat.st_size == 0
 
+
 def tst_chown(mnt_dir):
     filename = pjoin(mnt_dir, name_generator())
     os.mkdir(filename)
@@ -216,37 +256,38 @@ def tst_chown(mnt_dir):
     assert fstat.st_uid == uid_new
     assert fstat.st_gid == gid_new
 
+
 def tst_open_read(src_dir, mnt_dir):
     name = name_generator()
-    with open(pjoin(src_dir, name), 'wb') as fh_out, \
-         open(TEST_FILE, 'rb') as fh_in:
+    with open(pjoin(src_dir, name), "wb") as fh_out, open(TEST_FILE, "rb") as fh_in:
         shutil.copyfileobj(fh_in, fh_out)
 
     assert filecmp.cmp(pjoin(mnt_dir, name), TEST_FILE, False)
 
+
 def tst_open_write(src_dir, mnt_dir):
     name = name_generator()
-    fd = os.open(pjoin(src_dir, name),
-                 os.O_CREAT | os.O_RDWR)
+    fd = os.open(pjoin(src_dir, name), os.O_CREAT | os.O_RDWR)
     os.close(fd)
     fullname = pjoin(mnt_dir, name)
-    with open(fullname, 'wb') as fh_out, \
-         open(TEST_FILE, 'rb') as fh_in:
+    with open(fullname, "wb") as fh_out, open(TEST_FILE, "rb") as fh_in:
         shutil.copyfileobj(fh_in, fh_out)
 
     assert filecmp.cmp(fullname, TEST_FILE, False)
 
+
 def tst_append(src_dir, mnt_dir):
     name = name_generator()
     os_create(pjoin(src_dir, name))
     fullname = pjoin(mnt_dir, name)
     with os_open(fullname, os.O_WRONLY) as fd:
-        os.write(fd, b'foo\n')
-    with os_open(fullname, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND) as fd:
-        os.write(fd, b'bar\n')
+        os.write(fd, b"foo\n")
+    with os_open(fullname, os.O_WRONLY | os.O_APPEND) as fd:
+        os.write(fd, b"bar\n")
+
+    with open(fullname, "rb") as fh:
+        assert fh.read() == b"foo\nbar\n"
 
-    with open(fullname, 'rb') as fh:
-        assert fh.read() == b'foo\nbar\n'
 
 def tst_seek(src_dir, mnt_dir):
     name = name_generator()
@@ -254,20 +295,21 @@ def tst_seek(src_dir, mnt_dir):
     fullname = pjoin(mnt_dir, name)
     with os_open(fullname, os.O_WRONLY) as fd:
         os.lseek(fd, 1, os.SEEK_SET)
-        os.write(fd, b'foobar\n')
+        os.write(fd, b"foobar\n")
     with os_open(fullname, os.O_WRONLY) as fd:
         os.lseek(fd, 4, os.SEEK_SET)
-        os.write(fd, b'com')
+        os.write(fd, b"com")
+
+    with open(fullname, "rb") as fh:
+        assert fh.read() == b"\0foocom\n"
 
-    with open(fullname, 'rb') as fh:
-        assert fh.read() == b'\0foocom\n'
 
 def tst_open_unlink(mnt_dir):
     name = pjoin(mnt_dir, name_generator())
-    data1 = b'foo'
-    data2 = b'bar'
+    data1 = b"foo"
+    data2 = b"bar"
     fullname = pjoin(mnt_dir, name)
-    with open(fullname, 'wb+', buffering=0) as fh:
+    with open(fullname, "wb+", buffering=0) as fh:
         fh.write(data1)
         os.unlink(fullname)
         with pytest.raises(OSError) as exc_info:
@@ -276,11 +318,13 @@ def tst_open_unlink(mnt_dir):
         assert name not in os.listdir(mnt_dir)
         fh.write(data2)
         fh.seek(0)
-        assert fh.read() == data1+data2
+        assert fh.read() == data1 + data2
+
 
 def tst_statvfs(mnt_dir):
     os.statvfs(mnt_dir)
 
+
 def tst_link(mnt_dir, cache_timeout):
     name1 = pjoin(mnt_dir, name_generator())
     name2 = pjoin(mnt_dir, name_generator())
@@ -299,11 +343,19 @@ def tst_link(mnt_dir, cache_timeout):
     # we need to wait until the cached value has expired.
     if cache_timeout:
         safe_sleep(cache_timeout)
-    
+
     fstat1 = os.lstat(name1)
     fstat2 = os.lstat(name2)
-    for attr in ('st_mode', 'st_dev', 'st_uid', 'st_gid',
-                 'st_size', 'st_atime', 'st_mtime', 'st_ctime'):
+    for attr in (
+        "st_mode",
+        "st_dev",
+        "st_uid",
+        "st_gid",
+        "st_size",
+        "st_atime",
+        "st_mtime",
+        "st_ctime",
+    ):
         assert getattr(fstat1, attr) == getattr(fstat2, attr)
     assert os.path.basename(name2) in os.listdir(mnt_dir)
     assert filecmp.cmp(name1, name2, False)
@@ -316,6 +368,7 @@ def tst_link(mnt_dir, cache_timeout):
 
     os.unlink(name1)
 
+
 def tst_readdir(src_dir, mnt_dir):
     newdir = name_generator()
     src_newdir = pjoin(src_dir, newdir)
@@ -331,7 +384,7 @@ def tst_readdir(src_dir, mnt_dir):
 
     listdir_is = os.listdir(mnt_newdir)
     listdir_is.sort()
-    listdir_should = [ os.path.basename(file_), os.path.basename(subdir) ]
+    listdir_should = [os.path.basename(file_), os.path.basename(subdir)]
     listdir_should.sort()
     assert listdir_is == listdir_should
 
@@ -340,11 +393,12 @@ def tst_readdir(src_dir, mnt_dir):
     os.rmdir(subdir)
     os.rmdir(src_newdir)
 
+
 def tst_truncate_path(mnt_dir):
     assert len(TEST_DATA) > 1024
 
     filename = pjoin(mnt_dir, name_generator())
-    with open(filename, 'wb') as fh:
+    with open(filename, "wb") as fh:
         fh.write(TEST_DATA)
 
     fstat = os.stat(filename)
@@ -354,21 +408,22 @@ def tst_truncate_path(mnt_dir):
     # Add zeros at the end
     os.truncate(filename, size + 1024)
     assert os.stat(filename).st_size == size + 1024
-    with open(filename, 'rb') as fh:
+    with open(filename, "rb") as fh:
         assert fh.read(size) == TEST_DATA
-        assert fh.read(1025) == b'\0' * 1024
+        assert fh.read(1025) == b"\0" * 1024
 
     # Truncate data
     os.truncate(filename, size - 1024)
     assert os.stat(filename).st_size == size - 1024
-    with open(filename, 'rb') as fh:
-        assert fh.read(size) == TEST_DATA[:size-1024]
+    with open(filename, "rb") as fh:
+        assert fh.read(size) == TEST_DATA[: size - 1024]
 
     os.unlink(filename)
 
+
 def tst_truncate_fd(mnt_dir):
     assert len(TEST_DATA) > 1024
-    with NamedTemporaryFile('w+b', 0, dir=mnt_dir) as fh:
+    with NamedTemporaryFile("w+b", 0, dir=mnt_dir) as fh:
         fd = fh.fileno()
         fh.write(TEST_DATA)
         fstat = os.fstat(fd)
@@ -380,13 +435,14 @@ def tst_truncate_fd(mnt_dir):
         assert os.fstat(fd).st_size == size + 1024
         fh.seek(0)
         assert fh.read(size) == TEST_DATA
-        assert fh.read(1025) == b'\0' * 1024
+        assert fh.read(1025) == b"\0" * 1024
 
         # Truncate data
         os.ftruncate(fd, size - 1024)
         assert os.fstat(fd).st_size == size - 1024
         fh.seek(0)
-        assert fh.read(size) == TEST_DATA[:size-1024]
+        assert fh.read(size) == TEST_DATA[: size - 1024]
+
 
 def tst_utimens(mnt_dir, tol=0):
     filename = pjoin(mnt_dir, name_generator())
@@ -395,20 +451,21 @@ def tst_utimens(mnt_dir, tol=0):
 
     atime = fstat.st_atime + 42.28
     mtime = fstat.st_mtime - 42.23
-    if sys.version_info < (3,3):
+    if sys.version_info < (3, 3):
         os.utime(filename, (atime, mtime))
     else:
-        atime_ns = fstat.st_atime_ns + int(42.28*1e9)
-        mtime_ns = fstat.st_mtime_ns - int(42.23*1e9)
+        atime_ns = fstat.st_atime_ns + int(42.28 * 1e9)
+        mtime_ns = fstat.st_mtime_ns - int(42.23 * 1e9)
         os.utime(filename, None, ns=(atime_ns, mtime_ns))
 
     fstat = os.lstat(filename)
 
     assert abs(fstat.st_atime - atime) < tol
     assert abs(fstat.st_mtime - mtime) < tol
-    if sys.version_info >= (3,3):
-        assert abs(fstat.st_atime_ns - atime_ns) < tol*1e9
-        assert abs(fstat.st_mtime_ns - mtime_ns) < tol*1e9
+    if sys.version_info >= (3, 3):
+        assert abs(fstat.st_atime_ns - atime_ns) < tol * 1e9
+        assert abs(fstat.st_mtime_ns - mtime_ns) < tol * 1e9
+
 
 def tst_utimens_now(mnt_dir):
     fullname = pjoin(mnt_dir, name_generator())
@@ -422,17 +479,18 @@ def tst_utimens_now(mnt_dir):
     assert fstat.st_atime != 0
     assert fstat.st_mtime != 0
 
+
 def tst_passthrough(src_dir, mnt_dir, cache_timeout):
     name = name_generator()
     src_name = pjoin(src_dir, name)
     mnt_name = pjoin(src_dir, name)
     assert name not in os.listdir(src_dir)
     assert name not in os.listdir(mnt_dir)
-    with open(src_name, 'w') as fh:
-        fh.write('Hello, world')
+    with open(src_name, "w") as fh:
+        fh.write("Hello, world")
     assert name in os.listdir(src_dir)
     if cache_timeout:
-        safe_sleep(cache_timeout+1)
+        safe_sleep(cache_timeout + 1)
     assert name in os.listdir(mnt_dir)
     assert os.stat(src_name) == os.stat(mnt_name)
 
@@ -441,10 +499,10 @@ def tst_passthrough(src_dir, mnt_dir, cache_timeout):
     mnt_name = pjoin(src_dir, name)
     assert name not in os.listdir(src_dir)
     assert name not in os.listdir(mnt_dir)
-    with open(mnt_name, 'w') as fh:
-        fh.write('Hello, world')
+    with open(mnt_name, "w") as fh:
+        fh.write("Hello, world")
     assert name in os.listdir(src_dir)
     if cache_timeout:
-        safe_sleep(cache_timeout+1)
+        safe_sleep(cache_timeout + 1)
     assert name in os.listdir(mnt_dir)
     assert os.stat(src_name) == os.stat(mnt_name)

test/travis-build.sh

@@ -6,36 +6,40 @@ set -e
 # that we still need to fix
 export ASAN_OPTIONS="detect_leaks=0"
 
-export LSAN_OPTIONS="suppressions=$(pwd)/test/lsan_suppress.txt"
+export LSAN_OPTIONS="suppressions=${PWD}/test/lsan_suppress.txt"
 export CC
 
 TEST_CMD="python3 -m pytest --maxfail=99 test/"
 
 # Standard build with Valgrind
-for CC in gcc gcc-6 clang; do
-    mkdir build-${CC}; cd build-${CC}
-    if [ ${CC} == 'gcc-6' ]; then
+for CC in gcc clang; do
+    (
+    mkdir "build-${CC}"; cd "build-${CC}"
+    if [ "${CC}" == 'gcc-6' ]; then
         build_opts='-D b_lundef=false'
     else
         build_opts=''
     fi
+    # shellcheck disable=SC2086
     meson -D werror=true ${build_opts} ../
     ninja
 
     TEST_WITH_VALGRIND=true ${TEST_CMD}
-    cd ..
+    )
 done
-(cd build-$CC; sudo ninja install)
+(cd "build-${CC}"; sudo ninja install)
 
 # Sanitized build
 CC=clang
 for san in undefined address; do
-    mkdir build-${san}; cd build-${san}
+    (
+    mkdir "build-${san}"
+    cd "build-${san}"
     # b_lundef=false is required to work around clang
     # bug, cf. https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/mesonbuild/tgEdAXIIdC4
     meson -D b_sanitize=${san} -D b_lundef=false -D werror=true ..
     ninja
     ${TEST_CMD}
     sudo ninja install
-    cd ..
+    )
 done

test/travis-install.sh

@@ -2,25 +2,18 @@
 
 set -e
 
-# Meson 0.45 requires Python 3.5 or newer
-sudo python3 -m pip install pytest meson==0.44
-valgrind --version
-ninja --version
-meson --version
-
 # Install fuse
 wget https://github.com/libfuse/libfuse/archive/master.zip
 unzip master.zip
 cd libfuse-master
 mkdir build
 cd build
-export CC=gcc-6
 meson ..
 ninja
 sudo ninja install
 test -e /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig || sudo mkdir /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
 sudo mv /usr/local/lib/*/pkgconfig/* /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/
-ls -d1 /usr/local/lib/*-linux-gnu | sudo tee /etc/ld.so.conf.d/usrlocal.conf
+printf '%s\n' /usr/local/lib/*-linux-gnu | sudo tee /etc/ld.so.conf.d/usrlocal.conf
 sudo ldconfig
 
 # Setup ssh

test/util.py

@@ -5,34 +5,51 @@ import os
 import stat
 import time
 from os.path import join as pjoin
+from contextlib import contextmanager
 
-basename = pjoin(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..')
+basename = pjoin(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..")
 
-def wait_for_mount(mount_process, mnt_dir,
-                   test_fn=os.path.ismount):
+
+def os_create(name):
+    os.close(os.open(name, os.O_CREAT | os.O_RDWR))
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def os_open(name, flags):
+    fd = os.open(name, flags)
+    try:
+        yield fd
+    finally:
+        os.close(fd)
+
+
+def wait_for_mount(mount_process, mnt_dir, test_fn=os.path.ismount):
     elapsed = 0
     while elapsed < 30:
         if test_fn(mnt_dir):
             return True
         if mount_process.poll() is not None:
-            pytest.fail('file system process terminated prematurely')
+            pytest.fail("file system process terminated prematurely")
         time.sleep(0.1)
         elapsed += 0.1
     pytest.fail("mountpoint failed to come up")
 
+
 def cleanup(mount_process, mnt_dir):
-    subprocess.call(['fusermount', '-z', '-u', mnt_dir],
-                    stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
-                    stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
+    subprocess.call(
+        ["fusermount", "-z", "-u", mnt_dir],
+        stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
+        stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+    )
     mount_process.terminate()
     try:
         mount_process.wait(1)
     except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
         mount_process.kill()
-    
+
 
 def umount(mount_process, mnt_dir):
-    subprocess.check_call(['fusermount3', '-z', '-u', mnt_dir ])
+    subprocess.check_call(["fusermount3", "-z", "-u", mnt_dir])
     assert not os.path.ismount(mnt_dir)
 
     # Give mount process a little while to terminate. Popen.wait(timeout)
@@ -43,18 +60,19 @@ def umount(mount_process, mnt_dir):
         if code is not None:
             if code == 0:
                 return
-            pytest.fail('file system process terminated with code %s' % (code,))
+            pytest.fail(f"file system process terminated with code {code}")
         time.sleep(0.1)
         elapsed += 0.1
-    pytest.fail('mount process did not terminate')
+    pytest.fail("mount process did not terminate")
+
 
 def safe_sleep(secs):
-    '''Like time.sleep(), but sleep for at least *secs*
+    """Like time.sleep(), but sleep for at least *secs*
 
     `time.sleep` may sleep less than the given period if a signal is
     received. This function ensures that we sleep for at least the
     desired time.
-    '''
+    """
 
     now = time.time()
     end = now + secs
@@ -62,24 +80,27 @@ def safe_sleep(secs):
         time.sleep(end - now)
         now = time.time()
 
+
 def fuse_test_marker():
-    '''Return a pytest.marker that indicates FUSE availability
+    """Return a pytest.marker that indicates FUSE availability
 
     If system/user/environment does not support FUSE, return
     a `pytest.mark.skip` object with more details. If FUSE is
     supported, return `pytest.mark.uses_fuse()`.
-    '''
+    """
 
-    skip = lambda x: pytest.mark.skip(reason=x)
+    def skip(reason: str):
+        return pytest.mark.skip(reason=reason)
 
-    with subprocess.Popen(['which', 'fusermount'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                          universal_newlines=True) as which:
+    with subprocess.Popen(
+        ["which", "fusermount"], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True
+    ) as which:
         fusermount_path = which.communicate()[0].strip()
 
     if not fusermount_path or which.returncode != 0:
         return skip("Can't find fusermount executable")
 
-    if not os.path.exists('/dev/fuse'):
+    if not os.path.exists("/dev/fuse"):
         return skip("FUSE kernel module does not seem to be loaded")
 
     if os.getuid() == 0:
@@ -87,20 +108,24 @@ def fuse_test_marker():
 
     mode = os.stat(fusermount_path).st_mode
     if mode & stat.S_ISUID == 0:
-        return skip('fusermount executable not setuid, and we are not root.')
+        return skip("fusermount executable not setuid, and we are not root.")
 
     try:
-        fd = os.open('/dev/fuse', os.O_RDWR)
+        fd = os.open("/dev/fuse", os.O_RDWR)
     except OSError as exc:
-        return skip('Unable to open /dev/fuse: %s' % exc.strerror)
+        return skip(f"Unable to open /dev/fuse: {exc.strerror}")
     else:
         os.close(fd)
 
     return pytest.mark.uses_fuse()
 
+
 # Use valgrind if requested
-if os.environ.get('TEST_WITH_VALGRIND', 'no').lower().strip() \
-   not in ('no', 'false', '0'):
-    base_cmdline = [ 'valgrind', '-q', '--' ]
+if os.environ.get("TEST_WITH_VALGRIND", "no").lower().strip() not in (
+    "no",
+    "false",
+    "0",
+):
+    base_cmdline = ["valgrind", "-q", "--"]
 else:
     base_cmdline = []