Peter Dillinger 6d4a8144e0 Unify LZ4 and LZ4HC compression levels (#14819)
Summary:
kLZ4Compression and kLZ4HCCompression share the same on-disk format and decompressor, but historically kLZ4Compression only honored negative (acceleration) levels while kLZ4HCCompression only honored positive levels. This unifies them so `compression_opts.level` alone selects the variant: level <= 0 uses LZ4 fast (acceleration = -level) and level >= 1 uses LZ4HC (1..12), regardless of which of the two types is configured.

The configured type now only determines the default compression level (LZ4: acceleration 1, equivalent to level -1; LZ4HC: level 9).

For code simplicity, the recorded per-block type comes from the compression type derived from the level, which could differ from the configured type. To preserve the originally configured choice for debugging/tracking, it is recorded as a `_type=<decimal>` pseudo-option in the rocksdb.compression_options SST table property.

Out-of-range non-default levels are clamped to the nearest effective value (LZ4 acceleration capped at 65537, which also avoids signed overflow negating INT_MIN; LZ4HC level capped at 12). The cost-aware (auto-tune) compressor's LZ4 level grid is changed to negative accelerations so it actually exercises fast LZ4 (positive levels now route to LZ4HC).

Related inclusion: The ZSTD library has a discontinuity at level=0, which maps to level 3, which is more aggressive than levels 1 and 2, which are more aggressive than levels -1, -2, etc. For better friendliness to auto-tuning (etc.), we now map level 0 to be the same as level -1, so that increasing compression level numbers have non-decreasing aggressiveness.

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/14819

Test Plan:
New unit tests in compression_test.cc:
- UnifiedLZ4LZ4HCLevels: for a representative set of non-default levels, both configured types produce identical output and the same recorded type (selected by the level), levels that clamp to the same effective parameter compress identically, and each round-trips; plus per-type default-level behavior.
- ConfiguredCompressionTypeRecordedInProperties: the `_type=` pseudo- option appears in the SST table property for each configured type.
- ZSTDLevelZeroMapsToMinusOne: level 0 behaves like -1, not like 3.

Reviewed By: joshkang97

Differential Revision: D107536580

Pulled By: pdillinger

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RocksDB: A Persistent Key-Value Store for Flash and RAM Storage

CircleCI Status

RocksDB is developed and maintained by Facebook Database Engineering Team. It is built on earlier work on LevelDB by Sanjay Ghemawat (sanjay@google.com) and Jeff Dean (jeff@google.com)

This code is a library that forms the core building block for a fast key-value server, especially suited for storing data on flash drives. It has a Log-Structured-Merge-Database (LSM) design with flexible tradeoffs between Write-Amplification-Factor (WAF), Read-Amplification-Factor (RAF) and Space-Amplification-Factor (SAF). It has multi-threaded compactions, making it especially suitable for storing multiple terabytes of data in a single database.

Start with example usage here: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/tree/main/examples

See the github wiki for more explanation.

The public interface is in include/. Callers should not include or rely on the details of any other header files in this package. Those internal APIs may be changed without warning.

Questions and discussions are welcome on the RocksDB Developers Public Facebook group and email list on Google Groups.

License

RocksDB is dual-licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory). You may select, at your option, one of the above-listed licenses.

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