Changyu Bi 2620c85638 Support async IO for MultiScan (#13932)
Summary:
add option MultiScanArgs::use_async_io option and implementation for using ReadAsync() for multiscan. Read requests are submitted during Prepare() and polled during actual scanning.

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/pull/13932

Test Plan:
- updated existing unit test to use async_io.
- crash test: `python3 -u ./tools/db_crashtest.py whitebox --iterpercent=60 --prefix_size=-1 --prefixpercent=0 --readpercent=0 --test_batches_snapshots=0 --use_multiscan=1 --read_fault_one_in=0 --kill_random_test=88888 --interval=60 --multiscan_use_async_io=1 --mmap_read=0`

Benchmark:
- Default multiscan benchmark:
```
Set up: /db_bench --benchmarks="fillseq,compact" --disable_wal=1 --threads=1 --num_levels=1 --compaction_style=2 --fifo_compaction_max_table_files_size_mb=1000 --write_buffer_size=268435456

Without async IO:
./db_bench --db="/tmp/rocksdbtest-543376/dbbench" --use_existing_db=1 --benchmarks=multiscan --disable_auto_compactions=1 --seek_nexts=100 --threads=32 --duration=10 --statistics=1 --use_direct_reads=1 --multiscan_use_async_io=0

multiscan    :     415.569 micros/op 75805 ops/sec 10.355 seconds 784968 operations; (multscans:24999)
rocksdb.read.async.micros COUNT : 0

With asycn IO:
./db_bench --db="/tmp/rocksdbtest-543376/dbbench" --use_existing_db=1 --benchmarks=multiscan --disable_auto_compactions=1 --seek_nexts=100 --threads=32 --duration=10 --statistics=1 --use_direct_reads=1 --multiscan_use_async_io=1

multiscan    :     413.236 micros/op 76044 ops/sec 10.375 seconds 788968 operations; (multscans:24999)
rocksdb.read.async.micros COUNT : 3916499

Similar performance.
```

- Larger scan, more scans per multiscan, do not coalesce IO so that async IO can progress while scanning, and use one thread:
```
multiscan_stride = 1000
multiscan_size = 100
seek_nexts = 1000

./db_bench --db="/tmp/rocksdbtest-543376/dbbench" --use_existing_db=1 --benchmarks=multiscan --disable_auto_compactions=1 --threads=1 --duration=10 --statistics=0 --use_direct_reads=1  --cache_size=2097152 --multiscan_size=100 --multiscan_stride=1000 --seek_nexts=1000 --seed=1 --multiscan_coalesce_threshold=0  --multiscan_use_async_io=0

Without async IO:
multiscan    :   20495.205 micros/op 48 ops/sec 10.002 seconds 488 operations; (multscans:488)

With async IO:
multiscan    :   18337.883 micros/op 54 ops/sec 10.013 seconds 546 operations; (multscans:546)

~10% improvement in throughput
```

Reviewed By: xingbowang

Differential Revision: D82077818

Pulled By: cbi42

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RocksDB: A Persistent Key-Value Store for Flash and RAM Storage

CircleCI Status

RocksDB is developed and maintained by Facebook Database Engineering Team. It is built on earlier work on LevelDB by Sanjay Ghemawat (sanjay@google.com) and Jeff Dean (jeff@google.com)

This code is a library that forms the core building block for a fast key-value server, especially suited for storing data on flash drives. It has a Log-Structured-Merge-Database (LSM) design with flexible tradeoffs between Write-Amplification-Factor (WAF), Read-Amplification-Factor (RAF) and Space-Amplification-Factor (SAF). It has multi-threaded compactions, making it especially suitable for storing multiple terabytes of data in a single database.

Start with example usage here: https://github.com/facebook/rocksdb/tree/main/examples

See the github wiki for more explanation.

The public interface is in include/. Callers should not include or rely on the details of any other header files in this package. Those internal APIs may be changed without warning.

Questions and discussions are welcome on the RocksDB Developers Public Facebook group and email list on Google Groups.

License

RocksDB is dual-licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory). You may select, at your option, one of the above-listed licenses.

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