//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
//
// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.

#include "rocksdb/c.h"

#include <cstdlib>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <vector>

#include "port/port.h"
#include "rocksdb/advanced_cache.h"
#include "rocksdb/compaction_filter.h"
#include "rocksdb/comparator.h"
#include "rocksdb/convenience.h"
#include "rocksdb/db.h"
#include "rocksdb/env.h"
#include "rocksdb/experimental.h"
#include "rocksdb/filter_policy.h"
#include "rocksdb/iterator.h"
#include "rocksdb/listener.h"
#include "rocksdb/memtablerep.h"
#include "rocksdb/merge_operator.h"
#include "rocksdb/options.h"
#include "rocksdb/perf_context.h"
#include "rocksdb/rate_limiter.h"
#include "rocksdb/slice_transform.h"
#include "rocksdb/sst_file_manager.h"
#include "rocksdb/statistics.h"
#include "rocksdb/status.h"
#include "rocksdb/table.h"
#include "rocksdb/universal_compaction.h"
#include "rocksdb/utilities/backup_engine.h"
#include "rocksdb/utilities/checkpoint.h"
#include "rocksdb/utilities/db_ttl.h"
#include "rocksdb/utilities/memory_util.h"
#include "rocksdb/utilities/optimistic_transaction_db.h"
#include "rocksdb/utilities/options_util.h"
#include "rocksdb/utilities/table_properties_collectors.h"
#include "rocksdb/utilities/transaction.h"
#include "rocksdb/utilities/transaction_db.h"
#include "rocksdb/utilities/write_batch_with_index.h"
#include "rocksdb/write_batch.h"
#include "rocksdb/write_buffer_manager.h"
#include "util/stderr_logger.h"
#include "utilities/merge_operators.h"

using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::BackgroundErrorReason;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::BackupEngine;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::BackupEngineOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::BackupID;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::BackupInfo;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::BatchResult;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::BlockBasedTableOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::BottommostLevelCompaction;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::BytewiseComparator;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Cache;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Checkpoint;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::ColumnFamilyDescriptor;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::ColumnFamilyHandle;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::ColumnFamilyMetaData;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::ColumnFamilyOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionFilter;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionFilterFactory;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionJobInfo;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionOptionsFIFO;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionReason;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionService;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionServiceJobInfo;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionServiceJobStatus;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionServiceOptionsOverride;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionServiceScheduleResponse;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactRangeOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Comparator;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompressionType;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::ConfigOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CuckooTableOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::DB;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::DBOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::DbPath;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Env;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::EnvOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::EventListener;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::ExportImportFilesMetaData;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::ExternalFileIngestionInfo;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::FileChecksumGenFactory;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::FileLock;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::FilterPolicy;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::FlushJobInfo;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::FlushOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::GetFileChecksumGenCrc32cFactory;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::HistogramData;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::HyperClockCacheOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::ImportColumnFamilyOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::InfoLogLevel;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::IngestExternalFileOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Iterator;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::LevelMetaData;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::LiveFileMetaData;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Logger;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::LRUCacheOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::MemoryAllocator;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::MemoryUtil;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::MemTableInfo;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::MergeOperator;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::NewBloomFilterPolicy;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::NewCompactOnDeletionCollectorFactory;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::NewGenericRateLimiter;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::NewLRUCache;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::NewRibbonFilterPolicy;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::NewSstPartitionerFixedPrefixFactory;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::OpenAndCompactOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::OptimisticTransactionDB;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::OptimisticTransactionOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Options;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::PerfContext;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::PerfLevel;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::PinnableSlice;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::PrepopulateBlobCache;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::RandomAccessFile;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Range;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::RateLimiter;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::ReadOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::RestoreOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SequentialFile;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Slice;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SliceParts;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SliceTransform;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Snapshot;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SstFileManager;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SstFileMetaData;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SstFileWriter;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SstPartitionerFactory;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Status;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::StderrLogger;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::SubcompactionJobInfo;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::TableFactory;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::TablePropertiesCollectorFactory;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Transaction;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::TransactionDB;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::TransactionDBOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::TransactionLogIterator;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::TransactionOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::WaitForCompactOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::WALRecoveryMode;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::WritableFile;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::WriteBatch;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::WriteBatchWithIndex;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::WriteBufferManager;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::WriteOptions;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::WriteStallCondition;
using ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::WriteStallInfo;

using std::unordered_set;
using std::vector;

extern "C" {

struct rocksdb_t {
  DB* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_status_ptr_t {
  Status* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_backup_engine_t {
  BackupEngine* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_backup_engine_info_t {
  std::vector<BackupInfo> rep;
};
struct rocksdb_restore_options_t {
  RestoreOptions rep;
};
struct rocksdb_iterator_t {
  Iterator* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_writebatch_t {
  WriteBatch rep;
};
struct rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t {
  WriteBatchWithIndex* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_snapshot_t {
  const Snapshot* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_flushoptions_t {
  FlushOptions rep;
};
struct rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_t {
  CompactionOptionsFIFO rep;
};
struct rocksdb_readoptions_t {
  ReadOptions rep;
  // stack variables to set pointers to in ReadOptions
  Slice upper_bound;
  Slice lower_bound;
  Slice timestamp;
  Slice iter_start_ts;
};
struct rocksdb_writeoptions_t {
  WriteOptions rep;
};
struct rocksdb_options_t {
  Options rep;
};
struct rocksdb_compactoptions_t {
  CompactRangeOptions rep;
  Slice full_history_ts_low;
};
struct rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t {
  BlockBasedTableOptions rep;
};
struct rocksdb_cuckoo_table_options_t {
  CuckooTableOptions rep;
};
struct rocksdb_seqfile_t {
  SequentialFile* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_randomfile_t {
  RandomAccessFile* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_writablefile_t {
  WritableFile* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_wal_iterator_t {
  TransactionLogIterator* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_wal_readoptions_t {
  TransactionLogIterator::ReadOptions rep;
};
struct rocksdb_filelock_t {
  FileLock* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_logger_t {
  std::shared_ptr<Logger> rep;
};
struct rocksdb_file_checksum_gen_factory_t {
  std::shared_ptr<FileChecksumGenFactory> rep;
};
struct rocksdb_sst_partitioner_factory_t {
  std::shared_ptr<SstPartitionerFactory> rep;
};
struct rocksdb_table_properties_collector_factory_t {
  std::shared_ptr<TablePropertiesCollectorFactory> rep;
};
struct rocksdb_lru_cache_options_t {
  LRUCacheOptions rep;
};
struct rocksdb_hyper_clock_cache_options_t {
  HyperClockCacheOptions rep;
};
struct rocksdb_memory_allocator_t {
  std::shared_ptr<MemoryAllocator> rep;
};
struct rocksdb_cache_t {
  std::shared_ptr<Cache> rep;
};
struct rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_t {
  std::shared_ptr<WriteBufferManager> rep;
};
struct rocksdb_sst_file_manager_t {
  std::shared_ptr<SstFileManager> rep;
};
struct rocksdb_livefile_t {
  LiveFileMetaData rep;
};
struct rocksdb_livefiles_t {
  std::vector<LiveFileMetaData> rep;
};
struct rocksdb_column_family_handle_t {
  ColumnFamilyHandle* rep;
  bool immortal; /* only true for default cf */
};
struct rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t {
  ColumnFamilyMetaData rep;
};
struct rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_t {
  ExportImportFilesMetaData* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_import_column_family_options_t {
  ImportColumnFamilyOptions rep;
};
struct rocksdb_level_metadata_t {
  const LevelMetaData* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_sst_file_metadata_t {
  const SstFileMetaData* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_envoptions_t {
  EnvOptions rep;
};
struct rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_t {
  IngestExternalFileOptions rep;
};
struct rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t {
  SstFileWriter* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_ratelimiter_t {
  std::shared_ptr<RateLimiter> rep;
};
struct rocksdb_perfcontext_t {
  PerfContext* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_pinnableslice_t {
  PinnableSlice rep;
};
struct rocksdb_transactiondb_options_t {
  TransactionDBOptions rep;
};
struct rocksdb_transactiondb_t {
  TransactionDB* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_transaction_options_t {
  TransactionOptions rep;
};
struct rocksdb_transaction_t {
  Transaction* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t {
  BackupEngineOptions rep;
};
struct rocksdb_checkpoint_t {
  Checkpoint* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_t {
  OptimisticTransactionDB* rep;
};
struct rocksdb_optimistictransaction_options_t {
  OptimisticTransactionOptions rep;
};
struct rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_t {
  WaitForCompactOptions rep;
};

struct rocksdb_compactionfiltercontext_t {
  CompactionFilter::Context rep;
};

struct rocksdb_flushjobinfo_t {
  FlushJobInfo rep;
};
struct rocksdb_writestallcondition_t {
  WriteStallCondition rep;
};
struct rocksdb_writestallinfo_t {
  WriteStallInfo rep;
};
struct rocksdb_memtableinfo_t {
  MemTableInfo rep;
};
struct rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t {
  CompactionJobInfo rep;
};
struct rocksdb_subcompactionjobinfo_t {
  SubcompactionJobInfo rep;
};
struct rocksdb_externalfileingestioninfo_t {
  ExternalFileIngestionInfo rep;
};

struct rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_t {
  rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_t() : rep() {}
  HistogramData rep;
};

struct rocksdb_compactionservice_scheduleresponse_t {
  CompactionServiceScheduleResponse rep;
};

struct rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t {
  CompactionServiceJobInfo rep;
};

struct rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t {
  CompactionServiceOptionsOverride rep;
};

struct rocksdb_open_and_compact_options_t {
  OpenAndCompactOptions rep;
};

struct rocksdb_compactionfilter_t : public CompactionFilter {
  void* state_;
  void (*destructor_)(void*);
  unsigned char (*filter_)(void*, int level, const char* key, size_t key_length,
                           const char* existing_value, size_t value_length,
                           char** new_value, size_t* new_value_length,
                           unsigned char* value_changed);
  const char* (*name_)(void*);
  unsigned char ignore_snapshots_;

  ~rocksdb_compactionfilter_t() override { (*destructor_)(state_); }

  bool Filter(int level, const Slice& key, const Slice& existing_value,
              std::string* new_value, bool* value_changed) const override {
    char* c_new_value = nullptr;
    size_t new_value_length = 0;
    unsigned char c_value_changed = 0;
    unsigned char result =
        (*filter_)(state_, level, key.data(), key.size(), existing_value.data(),
                   existing_value.size(), &c_new_value, &new_value_length,
                   &c_value_changed);
    if (c_value_changed) {
      new_value->assign(c_new_value, new_value_length);
      *value_changed = true;
    }
    return result;
  }

  const char* Name() const override { return (*name_)(state_); }

  bool IgnoreSnapshots() const override { return ignore_snapshots_; }
};

struct rocksdb_compactionfilterfactory_t : public CompactionFilterFactory {
  void* state_;
  void (*destructor_)(void*);
  rocksdb_compactionfilter_t* (*create_compaction_filter_)(
      void*, rocksdb_compactionfiltercontext_t* context);
  const char* (*name_)(void*);

  ~rocksdb_compactionfilterfactory_t() override { (*destructor_)(state_); }

  std::unique_ptr<CompactionFilter> CreateCompactionFilter(
      const CompactionFilter::Context& context) override {
    rocksdb_compactionfiltercontext_t ccontext;
    ccontext.rep = context;
    CompactionFilter* cf = (*create_compaction_filter_)(state_, &ccontext);
    return std::unique_ptr<CompactionFilter>(cf);
  }

  const char* Name() const override { return (*name_)(state_); }
};

struct rocksdb_comparator_t : public Comparator {
  void* state_;
  void (*destructor_)(void*);
  int (*compare_)(void*, const char* a, size_t alen, const char* b,
                  size_t blen);
  const char* (*name_)(void*);
  int (*compare_ts_)(void*, const char* a_ts, size_t a_tslen, const char* b_ts,
                     size_t b_tslen);
  int (*compare_without_ts_)(void*, const char* a, size_t alen,
                             unsigned char a_has_ts, const char* b, size_t blen,
                             unsigned char b_has_ts);

  rocksdb_comparator_t() : Comparator() {}

  rocksdb_comparator_t(size_t ts_size) : Comparator(ts_size) {}

  ~rocksdb_comparator_t() override { (*destructor_)(state_); }

  int Compare(const Slice& a, const Slice& b) const override {
    return (*compare_)(state_, a.data(), a.size(), b.data(), b.size());
  }

  int CompareTimestamp(const Slice& a_ts, const Slice& b_ts) const override {
    if (compare_ts_ == nullptr) {
      return 0;
    }
    return (*compare_ts_)(state_, a_ts.data(), a_ts.size(), b_ts.data(),
                          b_ts.size());
  }

  int CompareWithoutTimestamp(const Slice& a, bool a_has_ts, const Slice& b,
                              bool b_has_ts) const override {
    if (compare_without_ts_ == nullptr) {
      return Compare(a, b);
    }
    return (*compare_without_ts_)(state_, a.data(), a.size(), a_has_ts,
                                  b.data(), b.size(), b_has_ts);
  }

  const char* Name() const override { return (*name_)(state_); }

  // No-ops since the C binding does not support key shortening methods.
  void FindShortestSeparator(std::string*, const Slice&) const override {}
  void FindShortSuccessor(std::string* /*key*/) const override {}
};

struct rocksdb_filterpolicy_t : public FilterPolicy {
  void* state_;
  void (*destructor_)(void*);
  const char* (*name_)(void*);

  ~rocksdb_filterpolicy_t() override { (*destructor_)(state_); }

  const char* Name() const override { return (*name_)(state_); }
};

struct rocksdb_mergeoperator_t : public MergeOperator {
  void* state_;
  void (*destructor_)(void*);
  const char* (*name_)(void*);
  char* (*full_merge_)(void*, const char* key, size_t key_length,
                       const char* existing_value, size_t existing_value_length,
                       const char* const* operands_list,
                       const size_t* operands_list_length, int num_operands,
                       unsigned char* success, size_t* new_value_length);
  char* (*partial_merge_)(void*, const char* key, size_t key_length,
                          const char* const* operands_list,
                          const size_t* operands_list_length, int num_operands,
                          unsigned char* success, size_t* new_value_length);
  void (*delete_value_)(void*, const char* value, size_t value_length);

  ~rocksdb_mergeoperator_t() override { (*destructor_)(state_); }

  const char* Name() const override { return (*name_)(state_); }

  bool FullMergeV2(const MergeOperationInput& merge_in,
                   MergeOperationOutput* merge_out) const override {
    size_t n = merge_in.operand_list.size();
    std::vector<const char*> operand_pointers(n);
    std::vector<size_t> operand_sizes(n);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      Slice operand(merge_in.operand_list[i]);
      operand_pointers[i] = operand.data();
      operand_sizes[i] = operand.size();
    }

    const char* existing_value_data = nullptr;
    size_t existing_value_len = 0;
    if (merge_in.existing_value != nullptr) {
      existing_value_data = merge_in.existing_value->data();
      existing_value_len = merge_in.existing_value->size();
    }

    unsigned char success;
    size_t new_value_len;
    char* tmp_new_value = (*full_merge_)(
        state_, merge_in.key.data(), merge_in.key.size(), existing_value_data,
        existing_value_len, operand_pointers.data(), operand_sizes.data(),
        static_cast<int>(n), &success, &new_value_len);
    merge_out->new_value.assign(tmp_new_value, new_value_len);

    if (delete_value_ != nullptr) {
      (*delete_value_)(state_, tmp_new_value, new_value_len);
    } else {
      free(tmp_new_value);
    }

    return success;
  }

  bool PartialMergeMulti(const Slice& key,
                         const std::deque<Slice>& operand_list,
                         std::string* new_value,
                         Logger* /*logger*/) const override {
    size_t operand_count = operand_list.size();
    std::vector<const char*> operand_pointers(operand_count);
    std::vector<size_t> operand_sizes(operand_count);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < operand_count; ++i) {
      Slice operand(operand_list[i]);
      operand_pointers[i] = operand.data();
      operand_sizes[i] = operand.size();
    }

    unsigned char success;
    size_t new_value_len;
    char* tmp_new_value = (*partial_merge_)(
        state_, key.data(), key.size(), operand_pointers.data(),
        operand_sizes.data(), static_cast<int>(operand_count), &success,
        &new_value_len);
    new_value->assign(tmp_new_value, new_value_len);

    if (delete_value_ != nullptr) {
      (*delete_value_)(state_, tmp_new_value, new_value_len);
    } else {
      free(tmp_new_value);
    }

    return success;
  }
};

struct rocksdb_dbpath_t {
  DbPath rep;
};

struct rocksdb_env_t {
  Env* rep;
  bool is_default;
};

struct rocksdb_slicetransform_t : public SliceTransform {
  void* state_;
  void (*destructor_)(void*);
  const char* (*name_)(void*);
  char* (*transform_)(void*, const char* key, size_t length,
                      size_t* dst_length);
  unsigned char (*in_domain_)(void*, const char* key, size_t length);

  ~rocksdb_slicetransform_t() override { (*destructor_)(state_); }

  const char* Name() const override { return (*name_)(state_); }

  Slice Transform(const Slice& src) const override {
    size_t len;
    char* dst = (*transform_)(state_, src.data(), src.size(), &len);
    return Slice(dst, len);
  }

  bool InDomain(const Slice& src) const override {
    return (*in_domain_)(state_, src.data(), src.size());
  }
};

struct rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t {
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionOptionsUniversal* rep;
};

struct rocksdb_callback_logger_t : public Logger {
  static const ssize_t STACK_BUFSZ = 512;
  rocksdb_callback_logger_t(InfoLogLevel log_level,
                            void (*logv_cb)(void*, unsigned, char*, size_t),
                            void* priv)
      : Logger(log_level), logv_cb_(logv_cb), priv_(priv) {}

  using Logger::Logv;
  void Logv(const InfoLogLevel level, const char* fmt, va_list ap0) override {
    char stack_buf[STACK_BUFSZ];
    char* alloc_buf = nullptr;
    char* buf = stack_buf;
    int len = 0;
    va_list ap1;
    if (!logv_cb_) return;
    va_copy(ap1, ap0);
    len = vsnprintf(buf, STACK_BUFSZ, fmt, ap0);
    if (len <= 0)
      goto cleanup;
    else if (len >= STACK_BUFSZ) {
      buf = alloc_buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(len + 1));
      if (!buf) goto cleanup;
      len = vsnprintf(buf, len + 1, fmt, ap1);
      if (len <= 0) goto cleanup;
    }
    logv_cb_(priv_, unsigned(level), buf, size_t(len));
  cleanup:
    va_end(ap1);
    free(alloc_buf);
  }

 private:
  void (*logv_cb_)(void*, unsigned, char*, size_t) = nullptr;
  void* priv_ = nullptr;
};

static bool SaveError(char** errptr, const Status& s) {
  assert(errptr != nullptr);
  if (s.ok()) {
    return false;
  } else if (*errptr == nullptr) {
    *errptr = strdup(s.ToString().c_str());
  } else {
    // TODO(sanjay): Merge with existing error?
    // This is a bug if *errptr is not created by malloc()
    free(*errptr);
    *errptr = strdup(s.ToString().c_str());
  }
  return true;
}

// Helper function to copy string data to a malloc'd buffer
// Works with std::string, Slice, and PinnableSlice through implicit conversion
static inline char* CopyString(const Slice& slice) {
  char* result = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(slice.size()));
  memcpy(result, slice.data(), slice.size());
  return result;
}

const char* rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t_get_db_name(
    const rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t* info, size_t* len) {
  *len = info->rep.db_name.size();
  return info->rep.db_name.data();
}

const char* rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t_get_db_id(
    const rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t* info, size_t* len) {
  *len = info->rep.db_id.size();
  return info->rep.db_id.data();
}

const char* rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t_get_db_session_id(
    const rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t* info, size_t* len) {
  *len = info->rep.db_session_id.size();
  return info->rep.db_session_id.data();
}

const char* rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t_get_cf_name(
    const rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t* info, size_t* len) {
  *len = info->rep.cf_name.size();
  return info->rep.cf_name.data();
}

uint32_t rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t_get_cf_id(
    const rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.cf_id;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t_get_job_id(
    const rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.job_id;
}

int rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t_get_priority(
    const rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t* info) {
  return static_cast<int>(info->rep.priority);
}

int rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t_get_compaction_reason(
    const rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t* info) {
  return static_cast<int>(info->rep.compaction_reason);
}

int rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t_get_base_input_level(
    const rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.base_input_level;
}

int rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t_get_output_level(
    const rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.output_level;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t_is_full_compaction(
    const rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.is_full_compaction;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t_is_manual_compaction(
    const rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.is_manual_compaction;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t_is_bottommost_level(
    const rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.bottommost_level;
}

// Helper function to validate compaction service job status
static inline bool IsValidCompactionServiceJobStatus(int status) {
  return status >= rocksdb_compactionservice_jobstatus_success &&
         status <= rocksdb_compactionservice_jobstatus_use_local;
}

rocksdb_compactionservice_scheduleresponse_t*
rocksdb_compactionservice_scheduleresponse_create(const char* scheduled_job_id,
                                                  int status, char** errptr) {
  // Validate status is in range [success=0, failure=1, aborted=2, use_local=3]
  if (!IsValidCompactionServiceJobStatus(status)) {
    SaveError(errptr,
              Status::InvalidArgument("Invalid status value. Must be 0-3."));
    return nullptr;
  }

  rocksdb_compactionservice_scheduleresponse_t* response =
      new rocksdb_compactionservice_scheduleresponse_t{
          CompactionServiceScheduleResponse(
              scheduled_job_id ? std::string(scheduled_job_id) : "",
              static_cast<CompactionServiceJobStatus>(status))};
  return response;
}

rocksdb_compactionservice_scheduleresponse_t*
rocksdb_compactionservice_scheduleresponse_create_with_status(int status,
                                                              char** errptr) {
  // Validate status is in range [success=0, failure=1, aborted=2, use_local=3]
  if (!IsValidCompactionServiceJobStatus(status)) {
    SaveError(errptr,
              Status::InvalidArgument("Invalid status value. Must be 0-3."));
    return nullptr;
  }

  rocksdb_compactionservice_scheduleresponse_t* response =
      new rocksdb_compactionservice_scheduleresponse_t{
          CompactionServiceScheduleResponse(
              static_cast<CompactionServiceJobStatus>(status))};
  return response;
}

void rocksdb_compactionservice_scheduleresponse_t_destroy(
    rocksdb_compactionservice_scheduleresponse_t* response) {
  if (response) {
    delete response;
  }
}

int rocksdb_compactionservice_scheduleresponse_getstatus(
    const rocksdb_compactionservice_scheduleresponse_t* response) {
  if (!response) {
    return rocksdb_compactionservice_jobstatus_failure;
  }
  return static_cast<int>(response->rep.status);
}

const char* rocksdb_compactionservice_scheduleresponse_get_scheduled_job_id(
    const rocksdb_compactionservice_scheduleresponse_t* response, size_t* len) {
  if (!response || !len) {
    if (len) {
      *len = 0;
    }
    return "";
  }
  *len = response->rep.scheduled_job_id.size();
  return response->rep.scheduled_job_id.data();
}

struct rocksdb_compactionservice_t : public CompactionService {
  void* state_;
  void (*destructor_)(void*);
  rocksdb_compaction_service_schedule_cb schedule_;
  std::string name_;
  rocksdb_compaction_service_wait_cb wait_;
  rocksdb_compaction_service_cancel_awaiting_jobs_cb cancel_awaiting_jobs_;
  rocksdb_compaction_service_on_installation_cb on_installation_;

  rocksdb_compactionservice_t(
      void* state, void (*destructor)(void*),
      rocksdb_compaction_service_schedule_cb
          rocksdb_compaction_service_schedule_ptr,
      const char* name, rocksdb_compaction_service_wait_cb wait,
      rocksdb_compaction_service_cancel_awaiting_jobs_cb cancel_awaiting_jobs,
      rocksdb_compaction_service_on_installation_cb on_installation)
      : state_(state),
        destructor_(destructor),
        schedule_(rocksdb_compaction_service_schedule_ptr),
        name_(name ? name : "CompactionService"),
        wait_(wait),
        cancel_awaiting_jobs_(cancel_awaiting_jobs),
        on_installation_(on_installation) {}

  ~rocksdb_compactionservice_t() override {
    if (destructor_) {
      (*destructor_)(state_);
    }
  }

  const char* Name() const override { return name_.c_str(); }

  CompactionServiceScheduleResponse Schedule(
      const CompactionServiceJobInfo& info,
      const std::string& compaction_service_input) override {
    if (schedule_ == nullptr) {
      return CompactionServiceScheduleResponse(
          CompactionServiceJobStatus::kUseLocal);
    }

    rocksdb_compactionservice_scheduleresponse_t* c_response = (*schedule_)(
        state_,
        reinterpret_cast<const rocksdb_compactionservice_jobinfo_t*>(&info),
        compaction_service_input.data(), compaction_service_input.size());

    if (c_response == nullptr) {
      return CompactionServiceScheduleResponse(
          CompactionServiceJobStatus::kFailure);
    }

    CompactionServiceScheduleResponse response = std::move(c_response->rep);
    delete c_response;
    return response;
  }

  CompactionServiceJobStatus Wait(const std::string& scheduled_job_id,
                                  std::string* result) override {
    if (wait_ == nullptr) {
      return CompactionServiceJobStatus::kUseLocal;
    }

    char* c_result = nullptr;
    size_t result_len = 0;

    int status =
        (*wait_)(state_, scheduled_job_id.c_str(), &c_result, &result_len);

    if (c_result != nullptr) {
      if (result != nullptr) {
        result->assign(c_result, result_len);
      }
      free(c_result);
    }

    return static_cast<CompactionServiceJobStatus>(status);
  }

  void CancelAwaitingJobs() override {
    if (cancel_awaiting_jobs_ != nullptr) {
      (*cancel_awaiting_jobs_)(state_);
    }
  }

  void OnInstallation(const std::string& scheduled_job_id,
                      CompactionServiceJobStatus status) override {
    if (on_installation_ != nullptr) {
      (*on_installation_)(state_, scheduled_job_id.c_str(),
                          static_cast<int>(status));
    }
  }
};

rocksdb_compactionservice_t* rocksdb_compactionservice_create(
    void* state, void (*destructor)(void*),
    rocksdb_compaction_service_schedule_cb schedule, const char* name,
    rocksdb_compaction_service_wait_cb wait,
    rocksdb_compaction_service_cancel_awaiting_jobs_cb cancel_awaiting_jobs,
    rocksdb_compaction_service_on_installation_cb on_installation) {
  return new rocksdb_compactionservice_t(state, destructor, schedule, name,
                                         wait, cancel_awaiting_jobs,
                                         on_installation);
}

void rocksdb_options_set_compaction_service(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, rocksdb_compactionservice_t* service) {
  if (!opt || !service) {
    return;
  }

  opt->rep.compaction_service = std::shared_ptr<CompactionService>(service);
}

// CompactionServiceOptionsOverride functions
rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t*
rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_create() {
  return new rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t;
}

rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t*
rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_create_from_options(
    rocksdb_options_t* options) {
  if (!options) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_opts =
      new rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t;

  // Copy all relevant options from rocksdb_options_t
  override_opts->rep.env = options->rep.env;
  override_opts->rep.file_checksum_gen_factory =
      options->rep.file_checksum_gen_factory;
  override_opts->rep.comparator = options->rep.comparator;
  override_opts->rep.merge_operator = options->rep.merge_operator;
  override_opts->rep.compaction_filter = options->rep.compaction_filter;
  override_opts->rep.compaction_filter_factory =
      options->rep.compaction_filter_factory;
  override_opts->rep.prefix_extractor = options->rep.prefix_extractor;
  override_opts->rep.table_factory = options->rep.table_factory;
  override_opts->rep.sst_partitioner_factory =
      options->rep.sst_partitioner_factory;
  override_opts->rep.listeners = options->rep.listeners;
  override_opts->rep.statistics = options->rep.statistics;
  override_opts->rep.info_log = options->rep.info_log;
  override_opts->rep.table_properties_collector_factories =
      options->rep.table_properties_collector_factories;

  return override_opts;
}

void rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_destroy(
    rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options) {
  if (override_options) {
    delete override_options;
  }
}

void rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_set_env(
    rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options,
    rocksdb_env_t* env) {
  if (override_options && env) {
    override_options->rep.env = env->rep;
  }
}

void rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_set_comparator(
    rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options,
    rocksdb_comparator_t* comparator) {
  if (override_options && comparator) {
    override_options->rep.comparator = comparator;
  }
}

void rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_set_merge_operator(
    rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options,
    rocksdb_mergeoperator_t* merge_operator) {
  if (override_options && merge_operator) {
    override_options->rep.merge_operator =
        std::shared_ptr<MergeOperator>(merge_operator);
  }
}

void rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_set_compaction_filter(
    rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options,
    rocksdb_compactionfilter_t* compaction_filter) {
  if (override_options && compaction_filter) {
    override_options->rep.compaction_filter = compaction_filter;
  }
}

void rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_set_compaction_filter_factory(
    rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options,
    rocksdb_compactionfilterfactory_t* compaction_filter_factory) {
  if (override_options && compaction_filter_factory) {
    override_options->rep.compaction_filter_factory =
        std::shared_ptr<CompactionFilterFactory>(compaction_filter_factory);
  }
}

void rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_set_prefix_extractor(
    rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options,
    rocksdb_slicetransform_t* prefix_extractor) {
  if (override_options && prefix_extractor) {
    override_options->rep.prefix_extractor =
        std::shared_ptr<const SliceTransform>(prefix_extractor);
  }
}

void rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_set_block_based_table_factory(
    rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options,
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* table_options) {
  if (override_options && table_options) {
    override_options->rep.table_factory = std::shared_ptr<TableFactory>(
        NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options->rep));
  }
}

void rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_set_cuckoo_table_factory(
    rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options,
    rocksdb_cuckoo_table_options_t* table_options) {
  if (override_options && table_options) {
    override_options->rep.table_factory = std::shared_ptr<TableFactory>(
        NewCuckooTableFactory(table_options->rep));
  }
}

// Note: add_event_listener is defined later after rocksdb_eventlistener_t
// struct

void rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_set_statistics(
    rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options,
    rocksdb_options_t* options) {
  if (override_options && options) {
    override_options->rep.statistics = options->rep.statistics;
  }
}

void rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_set_info_log(
    rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options,
    rocksdb_logger_t* logger) {
  if (override_options && logger) {
    override_options->rep.info_log = logger->rep;
  }
}

void rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_set_option(
    rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options,
    const char* key, const char* value) {
  if (override_options && key && value) {
    override_options->rep.options_map[std::string(key)] = std::string(value);
  }
}

void rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_set_file_checksum_gen_factory(
    rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options,
    rocksdb_file_checksum_gen_factory_t* factory) {
  if (override_options && factory) {
    override_options->rep.file_checksum_gen_factory = factory->rep;
  }
}

void rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_set_sst_partitioner_factory(
    rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options,
    rocksdb_sst_partitioner_factory_t* factory) {
  if (override_options && factory) {
    override_options->rep.sst_partitioner_factory = factory->rep;
  }
}

void rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_add_table_properties_collector_factory(
    rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options,
    rocksdb_table_properties_collector_factory_t* factory) {
  if (override_options && factory) {
    override_options->rep.table_properties_collector_factories.push_back(
        factory->rep);
  }
}

// Atomic bool management for cancellation
unsigned char* rocksdb_open_and_compact_canceled_create() {
  return reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(new std::atomic<bool>(false));
}

void rocksdb_open_and_compact_canceled_destroy(unsigned char* canceled) {
  if (canceled) {
    delete reinterpret_cast<std::atomic<bool>*>(canceled);
  }
}

void rocksdb_open_and_compact_canceled_set(unsigned char* canceled,
                                           unsigned char value) {
  if (canceled) {
    reinterpret_cast<std::atomic<bool>*>(canceled)->store(value != 0);
  }
}

// OpenAndCompactOptions functions
rocksdb_open_and_compact_options_t* rocksdb_open_and_compact_options_create() {
  return new rocksdb_open_and_compact_options_t;
}

void rocksdb_open_and_compact_options_destroy(
    rocksdb_open_and_compact_options_t* options) {
  if (options) {
    delete options;
  }
}

void rocksdb_open_and_compact_options_set_canceled(
    rocksdb_open_and_compact_options_t* options, unsigned char* canceled) {
  if (options && canceled) {
    options->rep.canceled = reinterpret_cast<std::atomic<bool>*>(canceled);
  }
}

void rocksdb_open_and_compact_options_set_allow_resumption(
    rocksdb_open_and_compact_options_t* options,
    unsigned char allow_resumption) {
  if (options) {
    options->rep.allow_resumption = allow_resumption != 0;
  }
}

// OpenAndCompact functions
char* rocksdb_open_and_compact(
    const char* db_path, const char* output_directory, const char* input,
    size_t input_len, size_t* output_len,
    const rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options,
    char** errptr) {
  if (!db_path || !output_directory || !input || !override_options) {
    SaveError(errptr, Status::InvalidArgument("Invalid arguments"));
    return nullptr;
  }

  std::string input_str(input, input_len);
  std::string output_str;

  Status s = DB::OpenAndCompact(db_path, output_directory, input_str,
                                &output_str, override_options->rep);

  if (!s.ok()) {
    SaveError(errptr, s);
    return nullptr;
  }

  // Allocate +1 for null terminator
  char* result = static_cast<char*>(malloc(output_str.size() + 1));
  if (!result) {
    SaveError(errptr, Status::MemoryLimit("Failed to allocate output buffer"));
    return nullptr;
  }

  memcpy(result, output_str.data(), output_str.size());
  result[output_str.size()] = '\0';

  // Only set output_len after successful allocation
  if (output_len) {
    *output_len = output_str.size();
  }

  return result;
}

char* rocksdb_open_and_compact_with_options(
    const rocksdb_open_and_compact_options_t* options, const char* db_path,
    const char* output_directory, const char* input, size_t input_len,
    size_t* output_len,
    const rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options,
    char** errptr) {
  if (!options || !db_path || !output_directory || !input ||
      !override_options) {
    SaveError(errptr, Status::InvalidArgument("Invalid arguments"));
    return nullptr;
  }

  std::string input_str(input, input_len);
  std::string output_str;

  Status s = DB::OpenAndCompact(options->rep, db_path, output_directory,
                                input_str, &output_str, override_options->rep);

  if (!s.ok()) {
    SaveError(errptr, s);
    return nullptr;
  }

  // Allocate +1 for null terminator
  char* result = static_cast<char*>(malloc(output_str.size() + 1));
  if (!result) {
    SaveError(errptr, Status::MemoryLimit("Failed to allocate output buffer"));
    return nullptr;
  }

  memcpy(result, output_str.data(), output_str.size());
  result[output_str.size()] = '\0';  // Null terminate

  // Only set output_len after successful allocation
  if (output_len) {
    *output_len = output_str.size();
  }

  return result;
}

rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open(const rocksdb_options_t* options, const char* name,
                        char** errptr) {
  std::unique_ptr<DB> dbptr;
  if (SaveError(errptr, DB::Open(options->rep, std::string(name), &dbptr))) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
  result->rep = dbptr.release();
  return result;
}

rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_with_ttl(const rocksdb_options_t* options,
                                 const char* name, int ttl, char** errptr) {
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::DBWithTTL* db;
  if (SaveError(errptr, ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::DBWithTTL::Open(
                            options->rep, std::string(name), &db, ttl))) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
  result->rep = db;
  return result;
}

rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_for_read_only(const rocksdb_options_t* options,
                                      const char* name,
                                      unsigned char error_if_wal_file_exists,
                                      char** errptr) {
  std::unique_ptr<DB> dbptr;
  if (SaveError(errptr,
                DB::OpenForReadOnly(options->rep, std::string(name), &dbptr,
                                    error_if_wal_file_exists))) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
  result->rep = dbptr.release();
  return result;
}

rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_as_secondary(const rocksdb_options_t* options,
                                     const char* name,
                                     const char* secondary_path,
                                     char** errptr) {
  std::unique_ptr<DB> dbptr;
  if (SaveError(errptr,
                DB::OpenAsSecondary(options->rep, std::string(name),
                                    std::string(secondary_path), &dbptr))) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
  result->rep = dbptr.release();
  return result;
}

rocksdb_backup_engine_t* rocksdb_backup_engine_open(
    const rocksdb_options_t* options, const char* path, char** errptr) {
  BackupEngine* be;
  if (SaveError(errptr, BackupEngine::Open(
                            options->rep.env,
                            BackupEngineOptions(path, nullptr, true,
                                                options->rep.info_log.get()),
                            &be))) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  rocksdb_backup_engine_t* result = new rocksdb_backup_engine_t;
  result->rep = be;
  return result;
}

rocksdb_backup_engine_t* rocksdb_backup_engine_open_opts(
    const rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options, rocksdb_env_t* env,
    char** errptr) {
  BackupEngine* be;
  if (SaveError(errptr, BackupEngine::Open(options->rep, env->rep, &be))) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  rocksdb_backup_engine_t* result = new rocksdb_backup_engine_t;
  result->rep = be;
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_create_new_backup(rocksdb_backup_engine_t* be,
                                             rocksdb_t* db, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, be->rep->CreateNewBackup(db->rep));
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_create_new_backup_flush(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_t* be, rocksdb_t* db,
    unsigned char flush_before_backup, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, be->rep->CreateNewBackup(db->rep, flush_before_backup));
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_purge_old_backups(rocksdb_backup_engine_t* be,
                                             uint32_t num_backups_to_keep,
                                             char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, be->rep->PurgeOldBackups(num_backups_to_keep));
}

rocksdb_restore_options_t* rocksdb_restore_options_create() {
  return new rocksdb_restore_options_t;
}

void rocksdb_restore_options_destroy(rocksdb_restore_options_t* opt) {
  delete opt;
}

void rocksdb_restore_options_set_keep_log_files(rocksdb_restore_options_t* opt,
                                                int v) {
  opt->rep.keep_log_files = v;
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_verify_backup(rocksdb_backup_engine_t* be,
                                         uint32_t backup_id, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, be->rep->VerifyBackup(static_cast<BackupID>(backup_id)));
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_restore_db_from_latest_backup(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_t* be, const char* db_dir, const char* wal_dir,
    const rocksdb_restore_options_t* restore_options, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, be->rep->RestoreDBFromLatestBackup(std::string(db_dir),
                                                       std::string(wal_dir),
                                                       restore_options->rep));
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_restore_db_from_backup(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_t* be, const char* db_dir, const char* wal_dir,
    const rocksdb_restore_options_t* restore_options, const uint32_t backup_id,
    char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, be->rep->RestoreDBFromBackup(backup_id, std::string(db_dir),
                                                 std::string(wal_dir),
                                                 restore_options->rep));
}

const rocksdb_backup_engine_info_t* rocksdb_backup_engine_get_backup_info(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_t* be) {
  rocksdb_backup_engine_info_t* result = new rocksdb_backup_engine_info_t;
  be->rep->GetBackupInfo(&result->rep);
  return result;
}

int rocksdb_backup_engine_info_count(const rocksdb_backup_engine_info_t* info) {
  return static_cast<int>(info->rep.size());
}

int64_t rocksdb_backup_engine_info_timestamp(
    const rocksdb_backup_engine_info_t* info, int index) {
  return info->rep[index].timestamp;
}

uint32_t rocksdb_backup_engine_info_backup_id(
    const rocksdb_backup_engine_info_t* info, int index) {
  return info->rep[index].backup_id;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_backup_engine_info_size(
    const rocksdb_backup_engine_info_t* info, int index) {
  return info->rep[index].size;
}

uint32_t rocksdb_backup_engine_info_number_files(
    const rocksdb_backup_engine_info_t* info, int index) {
  return info->rep[index].number_files;
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_info_destroy(
    const rocksdb_backup_engine_info_t* info) {
  delete info;
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_close(rocksdb_backup_engine_t* be) {
  delete be->rep;
  delete be;
}

rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* rocksdb_backup_engine_options_create(
    const char* backup_dir) {
  return new rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t{
      BackupEngineOptions(std::string(backup_dir))};
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_options_set_backup_dir(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options, const char* backup_dir) {
  options->rep.backup_dir = std::string(backup_dir);
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_options_set_env(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options, rocksdb_env_t* env) {
  options->rep.backup_env = (env ? env->rep : nullptr);
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_options_set_share_table_files(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options, unsigned char val) {
  options->rep.share_table_files = val;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_backup_engine_options_get_share_table_files(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options) {
  return options->rep.share_table_files;
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_options_set_sync(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options, unsigned char val) {
  options->rep.sync = val;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_backup_engine_options_get_sync(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options) {
  return options->rep.sync;
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_options_set_destroy_old_data(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options, unsigned char val) {
  options->rep.destroy_old_data = val;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_backup_engine_options_get_destroy_old_data(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options) {
  return options->rep.destroy_old_data;
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_options_set_backup_log_files(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options, unsigned char val) {
  options->rep.backup_log_files = val;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_backup_engine_options_get_backup_log_files(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options) {
  return options->rep.backup_log_files;
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_options_set_backup_rate_limit(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options, uint64_t limit) {
  options->rep.backup_rate_limit = limit;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_backup_engine_options_get_backup_rate_limit(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options) {
  return options->rep.backup_rate_limit;
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_options_set_restore_rate_limit(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options, uint64_t limit) {
  options->rep.restore_rate_limit = limit;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_backup_engine_options_get_restore_rate_limit(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options) {
  return options->rep.restore_rate_limit;
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_options_set_max_background_operations(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options, int val) {
  options->rep.max_background_operations = val;
}

int rocksdb_backup_engine_options_get_max_background_operations(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options) {
  return options->rep.max_background_operations;
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_options_set_callback_trigger_interval_size(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options, uint64_t size) {
  options->rep.callback_trigger_interval_size = size;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_backup_engine_options_get_callback_trigger_interval_size(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options) {
  return options->rep.callback_trigger_interval_size;
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_options_set_max_valid_backups_to_open(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options, int val) {
  options->rep.max_valid_backups_to_open = val;
}

int rocksdb_backup_engine_options_get_max_valid_backups_to_open(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options) {
  return options->rep.max_valid_backups_to_open;
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_options_set_share_files_with_checksum_naming(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options, int val) {
  options->rep.share_files_with_checksum_naming =
      static_cast<BackupEngineOptions::ShareFilesNaming>(val);
}

int rocksdb_backup_engine_options_get_share_files_with_checksum_naming(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options) {
  return static_cast<int>(options->rep.share_files_with_checksum_naming);
}

void rocksdb_backup_engine_options_destroy(
    rocksdb_backup_engine_options_t* options) {
  delete options;
}

void rocksdb_status_ptr_get_error(rocksdb_status_ptr_t* status, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, *(status->rep));
}

rocksdb_checkpoint_t* rocksdb_checkpoint_object_create(rocksdb_t* db,
                                                       char** errptr) {
  Checkpoint* checkpoint;
  if (SaveError(errptr, Checkpoint::Create(db->rep, &checkpoint))) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  rocksdb_checkpoint_t* result = new rocksdb_checkpoint_t;
  result->rep = checkpoint;
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_checkpoint_create(rocksdb_checkpoint_t* checkpoint,
                               const char* checkpoint_dir,
                               uint64_t log_size_for_flush, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, checkpoint->rep->CreateCheckpoint(
                        std::string(checkpoint_dir), log_size_for_flush));
}

rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_t* rocksdb_checkpoint_export_column_family(
    rocksdb_checkpoint_t* checkpoint,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, const char* export_dir,
    char** errptr) {
  ExportImportFilesMetaData* metadata = nullptr;
  if (SaveError(errptr,
                checkpoint->rep->ExportColumnFamily(
                    column_family->rep, std::string(export_dir), &metadata))) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_t* result =
      new rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_t;
  result->rep = metadata;
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_checkpoint_object_destroy(rocksdb_checkpoint_t* checkpoint) {
  delete checkpoint->rep;
  delete checkpoint;
}

void rocksdb_close(rocksdb_t* db) {
  delete db->rep;
  delete db;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_uint64add_merge_operator(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  opt->rep.merge_operator =
      ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::MergeOperators::CreateUInt64AddOperator();
}

rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_and_trim_history(
    const rocksdb_options_t* db_options, const char* name,
    int num_column_families, const char* const* column_family_names,
    const rocksdb_options_t* const* column_family_options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t** column_family_handles, char* trim_ts,
    size_t trim_tslen, char** errptr) {
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> column_families;
  for (int i = 0; i < num_column_families; i++) {
    column_families.emplace_back(
        std::string(column_family_names[i]),
        ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options[i]->rep));
  }

  std::string trim_ts_(trim_ts, trim_tslen);

  std::unique_ptr<DB> dbptr;
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> handles;
  if (SaveError(errptr, DB::OpenAndTrimHistory(
                            DBOptions(db_options->rep), std::string(name),
                            column_families, &handles, &dbptr, trim_ts_))) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  for (size_t i = 0; i < handles.size(); i++) {
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
  result->rep = dbptr.release();
  return result;
}

rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_column_families(
    const rocksdb_options_t* db_options, const char* name,
    int num_column_families, const char* const* column_family_names,
    const rocksdb_options_t* const* column_family_options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t** column_family_handles, char** errptr) {
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> column_families;
  for (int i = 0; i < num_column_families; i++) {
    column_families.emplace_back(
        std::string(column_family_names[i]),
        ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options[i]->rep));
  }

  std::unique_ptr<DB> dbptr;
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> handles;
  if (SaveError(errptr, DB::Open(DBOptions(db_options->rep), std::string(name),
                                 column_families, &handles, &dbptr))) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  for (size_t i = 0; i < handles.size(); i++) {
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
  result->rep = dbptr.release();
  return result;
}

rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_column_families_with_ttl(
    const rocksdb_options_t* db_options, const char* name,
    int num_column_families, const char* const* column_family_names,
    const rocksdb_options_t* const* column_family_options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t** column_family_handles, const int* ttls,
    char** errptr) {
  std::vector<int32_t> ttls_vec;
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> column_families;
  for (int i = 0; i < num_column_families; i++) {
    ttls_vec.push_back(ttls[i]);

    column_families.emplace_back(
        std::string(column_family_names[i]),
        ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options[i]->rep));
  }

  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::DBWithTTL* db;
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> handles;
  if (SaveError(errptr, ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::DBWithTTL::Open(
                            DBOptions(db_options->rep), std::string(name),
                            column_families, &handles, &db, ttls_vec))) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  for (size_t i = 0; i < handles.size(); i++) {
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
  result->rep = db;
  return result;
}

rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_for_read_only_column_families(
    const rocksdb_options_t* db_options, const char* name,
    int num_column_families, const char* const* column_family_names,
    const rocksdb_options_t* const* column_family_options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t** column_family_handles,
    unsigned char error_if_wal_file_exists, char** errptr) {
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> column_families;
  for (int i = 0; i < num_column_families; i++) {
    column_families.emplace_back(
        std::string(column_family_names[i]),
        ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options[i]->rep));
  }

  std::unique_ptr<DB> dbptr;
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> handles;
  if (SaveError(errptr, DB::OpenForReadOnly(DBOptions(db_options->rep),
                                            std::string(name), column_families,
                                            &handles, &dbptr,
                                            error_if_wal_file_exists))) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  for (size_t i = 0; i < handles.size(); i++) {
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
  result->rep = dbptr.release();
  return result;
}

rocksdb_t* rocksdb_open_as_secondary_column_families(
    const rocksdb_options_t* db_options, const char* name,
    const char* secondary_path, int num_column_families,
    const char* const* column_family_names,
    const rocksdb_options_t* const* column_family_options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t** column_family_handles, char** errptr) {
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> column_families;
  for (int i = 0; i != num_column_families; ++i) {
    column_families.emplace_back(
        std::string(column_family_names[i]),
        ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options[i]->rep));
  }
  std::unique_ptr<DB> dbptr;
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> handles;
  if (SaveError(errptr, DB::OpenAsSecondary(
                            DBOptions(db_options->rep), std::string(name),
                            std::string(secondary_path), column_families,
                            &handles, &dbptr))) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  for (size_t i = 0; i != handles.size(); ++i) {
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
  result->rep = dbptr.release();
  return result;
}

char** rocksdb_list_column_families(const rocksdb_options_t* options,
                                    const char* name, size_t* lencfs,
                                    char** errptr) {
  std::vector<std::string> fams;
  SaveError(errptr, DB::ListColumnFamilies(DBOptions(options->rep),
                                           std::string(name), &fams));

  *lencfs = fams.size();
  char** column_families =
      static_cast<char**>(malloc(sizeof(char*) * fams.size()));
  for (size_t i = 0; i < fams.size(); i++) {
    column_families[i] = strdup(fams[i].c_str());
  }
  return column_families;
}

void rocksdb_list_column_families_destroy(char** list, size_t len) {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
    free(list[i]);
  }
  free(list);
}

rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* rocksdb_create_column_family(
    rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_options_t* column_family_options,
    const char* column_family_name, char** errptr) {
  rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* handle = new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
  handle->rep = nullptr;
  if (SaveError(errptr, db->rep->CreateColumnFamily(
                            ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options->rep),
                            std::string(column_family_name), &(handle->rep)))) {
    delete handle;
    return nullptr;
  }
  handle->immortal = false;
  return handle;
}

rocksdb_column_family_handle_t** rocksdb_create_column_families(
    rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_options_t* column_family_options,
    int num_column_families, const char* const* column_family_names,
    size_t* lencfs, char** errptr) {
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> handles;
  std::vector<std::string> names;
  for (int i = 0; i != num_column_families; ++i) {
    names.emplace_back(column_family_names[i]);
  }
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->CreateColumnFamilies(
                        ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options->rep), names,
                        &handles));

  *lencfs = handles.size();
  rocksdb_column_family_handle_t** c_handles =
      static_cast<rocksdb_column_family_handle_t**>(
          malloc(sizeof(rocksdb_column_family_handle_t*) * handles.size()));
  for (size_t i = 0; i != handles.size(); ++i) {
    c_handles[i] = new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handles[i]->rep = handles[i];
    c_handles[i]->immortal = false;
  }

  return c_handles;
}

rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* rocksdb_create_column_family_with_import(
    rocksdb_t* db, rocksdb_options_t* column_family_options,
    const char* column_family_name,
    rocksdb_import_column_family_options_t* import_options,
    rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_t* export_import_files_metadata,
    char** errptr) {
  rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* handle = new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
  handle->rep = nullptr;
  if (SaveError(errptr,
                db->rep->CreateColumnFamilyWithImport(
                    ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options->rep),
                    std::string(column_family_name), import_options->rep,
                    *(export_import_files_metadata->rep), &(handle->rep)))) {
    delete handle;
    return nullptr;
  }
  handle->immortal = false;
  return handle;
}

void rocksdb_create_column_families_destroy(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t** list) {
  free(list);
}

rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* rocksdb_create_column_family_with_ttl(
    rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_options_t* column_family_options,
    const char* column_family_name, int ttl, char** errptr) {
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::DBWithTTL* db_with_ttl =
      static_cast<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::DBWithTTL*>(db->rep);
  rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* handle = new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
  SaveError(errptr, db_with_ttl->CreateColumnFamilyWithTtl(
                        ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options->rep),
                        std::string(column_family_name), &(handle->rep), ttl));
  handle->immortal = false;
  return handle;
}

void rocksdb_drop_column_family(rocksdb_t* db,
                                rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* handle,
                                char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->DropColumnFamily(handle->rep));
}

uint32_t rocksdb_column_family_handle_get_id(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* handle) {
  return handle->rep->GetID();
}

char* rocksdb_column_family_handle_get_name(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* handle, size_t* name_len) {
  auto name = handle->rep->GetName();
  *name_len = name.size();
  return CopyString(name);
}

rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* rocksdb_get_default_column_family_handle(
    rocksdb_t* db) {
  rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* handle = new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
  handle->rep = db->rep->DefaultColumnFamily();
  handle->immortal = true;
  return handle;
}

void rocksdb_column_family_handle_destroy(
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* handle) {
  if (!handle->immortal) {
    delete handle->rep;
  }
  delete handle;
}

void rocksdb_put(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                 const char* key, size_t keylen, const char* val, size_t vallen,
                 char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr,
            db->rep->Put(options->rep, Slice(key, keylen), Slice(val, vallen)));
}

void rocksdb_put_cf(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                    const char* key, size_t keylen, const char* val,
                    size_t vallen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->Put(options->rep, column_family->rep,
                                 Slice(key, keylen), Slice(val, vallen)));
}

void rocksdb_put_with_ts(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                         const char* key, size_t keylen, const char* ts,
                         size_t tslen, const char* val, size_t vallen,
                         char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->Put(options->rep, Slice(key, keylen),
                                 Slice(ts, tslen), Slice(val, vallen)));
}

void rocksdb_put_cf_with_ts(rocksdb_t* db,
                            const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                            rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                            const char* key, size_t keylen, const char* ts,
                            size_t tslen, const char* val, size_t vallen,
                            char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr,
            db->rep->Put(options->rep, column_family->rep, Slice(key, keylen),
                         Slice(ts, tslen), Slice(val, vallen)));
}

void rocksdb_delete(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                    const char* key, size_t keylen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->Delete(options->rep, Slice(key, keylen)));
}

void rocksdb_delete_cf(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                       rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                       const char* key, size_t keylen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->Delete(options->rep, column_family->rep,
                                    Slice(key, keylen)));
}

void rocksdb_delete_with_ts(rocksdb_t* db,
                            const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                            const char* key, size_t keylen, const char* ts,
                            size_t tslen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->Delete(options->rep, Slice(key, keylen),
                                    Slice(ts, tslen)));
}

void rocksdb_delete_cf_with_ts(rocksdb_t* db,
                               const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                               rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                               const char* key, size_t keylen, const char* ts,
                               size_t tslen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->Delete(options->rep, column_family->rep,
                                    Slice(key, keylen), Slice(ts, tslen)));
}

void rocksdb_singledelete(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                          const char* key, size_t keylen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->SingleDelete(options->rep, Slice(key, keylen)));
}

void rocksdb_singledelete_cf(rocksdb_t* db,
                             const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                             rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                             const char* key, size_t keylen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->SingleDelete(options->rep, column_family->rep,
                                          Slice(key, keylen)));
}

void rocksdb_singledelete_with_ts(rocksdb_t* db,
                                  const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                                  const char* key, size_t keylen,
                                  const char* ts, size_t tslen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->SingleDelete(options->rep, Slice(key, keylen),
                                          Slice(ts, tslen)));
}

void rocksdb_singledelete_cf_with_ts(
    rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, const char* key,
    size_t keylen, const char* ts, size_t tslen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr,
            db->rep->SingleDelete(options->rep, column_family->rep,
                                  Slice(key, keylen), Slice(ts, tslen)));
}

void rocksdb_increase_full_history_ts_low(
    rocksdb_t* db, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    const char* ts_low, size_t ts_lowlen, char** errptr) {
  std::string ts(ts_low, ts_lowlen);
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->IncreaseFullHistoryTsLow(column_family->rep, ts));
}

char* rocksdb_get_full_history_ts_low(
    rocksdb_t* db, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    size_t* ts_len, char** errptr) {
  char* result = nullptr;
  std::string tmp;
  Status s = db->rep->GetFullHistoryTsLow(column_family->rep, &tmp);
  if (s.ok()) {
    *ts_len = tmp.size();
    result = CopyString(tmp);
  } else {
    *ts_len = 0;
    SaveError(errptr, s);
  }
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_delete_range_cf(rocksdb_t* db,
                             const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                             rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                             const char* start_key, size_t start_key_len,
                             const char* end_key, size_t end_key_len,
                             char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->DeleteRange(options->rep, column_family->rep,
                                         Slice(start_key, start_key_len),
                                         Slice(end_key, end_key_len)));
}

void rocksdb_merge(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                   const char* key, size_t keylen, const char* val,
                   size_t vallen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->Merge(options->rep, Slice(key, keylen),
                                   Slice(val, vallen)));
}

void rocksdb_merge_cf(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                      rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                      const char* key, size_t keylen, const char* val,
                      size_t vallen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->Merge(options->rep, column_family->rep,
                                   Slice(key, keylen), Slice(val, vallen)));
}

void rocksdb_write(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                   rocksdb_writebatch_t* batch, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->Write(options->rep, &batch->rep));
}

char* rocksdb_get(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
                  const char* key, size_t keylen, size_t* vallen,
                  char** errptr) {
  char* result = nullptr;
  // Use PinnableSlice to avoid unnecessary copy
  PinnableSlice pinnable_val;
  Status s = db->rep->Get(options->rep, db->rep->DefaultColumnFamily(),
                          Slice(key, keylen), &pinnable_val);
  if (s.ok()) {
    *vallen = pinnable_val.size();
    // Only one copy: from PinnableSlice to malloc'd buffer
    result = CopyString(pinnable_val);
  } else {
    *vallen = 0;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

char* rocksdb_get_cf(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
                     rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                     const char* key, size_t keylen, size_t* vallen,
                     char** errptr) {
  char* result = nullptr;
  // Use PinnableSlice to avoid unnecessary copy
  PinnableSlice pinnable_val;
  Status s = db->rep->Get(options->rep, column_family->rep, Slice(key, keylen),
                          &pinnable_val);
  if (s.ok()) {
    *vallen = pinnable_val.size();
    // Only one copy: from PinnableSlice to malloc'd buffer
    result = CopyString(pinnable_val);
  } else {
    *vallen = 0;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

char* rocksdb_get_with_ts(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
                          const char* key, size_t keylen, size_t* vallen,
                          char** ts, size_t* tslen, char** errptr) {
  char* result = nullptr;
  std::string tmp_val;
  std::string tmp_ts;
  Status s = db->rep->Get(options->rep, Slice(key, keylen), &tmp_val, &tmp_ts);
  if (s.ok()) {
    *vallen = tmp_val.size();
    result = CopyString(tmp_val);
    *tslen = tmp_ts.size();
    *ts = CopyString(tmp_ts);
  } else {
    *vallen = 0;
    *tslen = 0;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

char* rocksdb_get_cf_with_ts(rocksdb_t* db,
                             const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
                             rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                             const char* key, size_t keylen, size_t* vallen,
                             char** ts, size_t* tslen, char** errptr) {
  char* result = nullptr;
  std::string tmp;
  std::string tmp_ts;
  Status s = db->rep->Get(options->rep, column_family->rep, Slice(key, keylen),
                          &tmp, &tmp_ts);
  if (s.ok()) {
    *vallen = tmp.size();
    result = CopyString(tmp);
    *tslen = tmp_ts.size();
    *ts = CopyString(tmp_ts);
  } else {
    *vallen = 0;
    *tslen = 0;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

char* rocksdb_get_db_identity(rocksdb_t* db, size_t* id_len) {
  std::string identity_tmp;
  Status s = db->rep->GetDbIdentity(identity_tmp);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    *id_len = 0;
    return nullptr;
  }

  *id_len = identity_tmp.size();
  return CopyString(identity_tmp);
}

void rocksdb_multi_get(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
                       size_t num_keys, const char* const* keys_list,
                       const size_t* keys_list_sizes, char** values_list,
                       size_t* values_list_sizes, char** errs) {
  // Use unique_ptr for efficiency (avoids vector overhead for fixed-size array)
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> keys(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    keys[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  // Use PinnableSlice to avoid unnecessary allocations
  auto cfh = db->rep->DefaultColumnFamily();
  std::vector<PinnableSlice> values(num_keys);
  std::vector<Status> statuses(num_keys);
  db->rep->MultiGet(options->rep, cfh, num_keys, keys.get(), values.data(),
                    statuses.data());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    if (statuses[i].ok()) {
      values_list[i] = CopyString(values[i]);
      values_list_sizes[i] = values[i].size();
      errs[i] = nullptr;
    } else {
      values_list[i] = nullptr;
      values_list_sizes[i] = 0;
      if (!statuses[i].IsNotFound()) {
        errs[i] = strdup(statuses[i].ToString().c_str());
      } else {
        errs[i] = nullptr;
      }
    }
  }
}

void rocksdb_multi_get_with_ts(rocksdb_t* db,
                               const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
                               size_t num_keys, const char* const* keys_list,
                               const size_t* keys_list_sizes,
                               char** values_list, size_t* values_list_sizes,
                               char** timestamp_list,
                               size_t* timestamp_list_sizes, char** errs) {
  // Use unique_ptr for efficiency
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> keys_arr(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    keys_arr[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  // Note: MultiGet with timestamps only has vector-based API
  std::vector<Slice> keys(keys_arr.get(), keys_arr.get() + num_keys);
  std::vector<std::string> values(num_keys);
  std::vector<std::string> timestamps(num_keys);
  std::vector<Status> statuses =
      db->rep->MultiGet(options->rep, keys, &values, &timestamps);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    if (statuses[i].ok()) {
      values_list[i] = CopyString(values[i]);
      values_list_sizes[i] = values[i].size();
      timestamp_list[i] = CopyString(timestamps[i]);
      timestamp_list_sizes[i] = timestamps[i].size();
      errs[i] = nullptr;
    } else {
      values_list[i] = nullptr;
      values_list_sizes[i] = 0;
      timestamp_list[i] = nullptr;
      timestamp_list_sizes[i] = 0;
      if (!statuses[i].IsNotFound()) {
        errs[i] = strdup(statuses[i].ToString().c_str());
      } else {
        errs[i] = nullptr;
      }
    }
  }
}

void rocksdb_multi_get_cf(
    rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    const rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* const* column_families,
    size_t num_keys, const char* const* keys_list,
    const size_t* keys_list_sizes, char** values_list,
    size_t* values_list_sizes, char** errs) {
  // Use unique_ptr for efficiency (avoids vector overhead for fixed-size
  // arrays)
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> keys(new Slice[num_keys]);
  std::unique_ptr<ColumnFamilyHandle*[]> cfs(new ColumnFamilyHandle*[num_keys]);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    keys[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
    cfs[i] = column_families[i]->rep;
  }
  // Use PinnableSlice to avoid unnecessary allocations
  std::vector<PinnableSlice> values(num_keys);
  std::vector<Status> statuses(num_keys);
  db->rep->MultiGet(options->rep, num_keys, cfs.get(), keys.get(),
                    values.data(), statuses.data());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    if (statuses[i].ok()) {
      values_list[i] = CopyString(values[i]);
      values_list_sizes[i] = values[i].size();
      errs[i] = nullptr;
    } else {
      values_list[i] = nullptr;
      values_list_sizes[i] = 0;
      if (!statuses[i].IsNotFound()) {
        errs[i] = strdup(statuses[i].ToString().c_str());
      } else {
        errs[i] = nullptr;
      }
    }
  }
}

void rocksdb_multi_get_cf_with_ts(
    rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    const rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* const* column_families,
    size_t num_keys, const char* const* keys_list,
    const size_t* keys_list_sizes, char** values_list,
    size_t* values_list_sizes, char** timestamps_list,
    size_t* timestamps_list_sizes, char** errs) {
  // Use unique_ptr for efficiency (avoids vector overhead for fixed-size
  // arrays)
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> keys(new Slice[num_keys]);
  std::unique_ptr<ColumnFamilyHandle*[]> cfs(new ColumnFamilyHandle*[num_keys]);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    keys[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
    cfs[i] = column_families[i]->rep;
  }
  // Use PinnableSlice to avoid unnecessary allocations
  std::vector<PinnableSlice> values(num_keys);
  std::vector<std::string> timestamps(num_keys);
  std::vector<Status> statuses(num_keys);
  db->rep->MultiGet(options->rep, num_keys, cfs.get(), keys.get(),
                    values.data(), timestamps.data(), statuses.data());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    if (statuses[i].ok()) {
      values_list[i] = CopyString(values[i]);
      values_list_sizes[i] = values[i].size();
      timestamps_list[i] = CopyString(timestamps[i]);
      timestamps_list_sizes[i] = timestamps[i].size();
      errs[i] = nullptr;
    } else {
      values_list[i] = nullptr;
      values_list_sizes[i] = 0;
      timestamps_list[i] = nullptr;
      timestamps_list_sizes[i] = 0;
      if (!statuses[i].IsNotFound()) {
        errs[i] = strdup(statuses[i].ToString().c_str());
      } else {
        errs[i] = nullptr;
      }
    }
  }
}

void rocksdb_batched_multi_get_cf(rocksdb_t* db,
                                  const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
                                  rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                                  size_t num_keys, const char* const* keys_list,
                                  const size_t* keys_list_sizes,
                                  rocksdb_pinnableslice_t** values, char** errs,
                                  const bool sorted_input) {
  Slice* key_slices = new Slice[num_keys];
  PinnableSlice* value_slices = new PinnableSlice[num_keys];
  Status* statuses = new Status[num_keys];
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; ++i) {
    key_slices[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }

  db->rep->MultiGet(options->rep, column_family->rep, num_keys, key_slices,
                    value_slices, statuses, sorted_input);

  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; ++i) {
    if (statuses[i].ok()) {
      values[i] = new (rocksdb_pinnableslice_t);
      values[i]->rep = std::move(value_slices[i]);
      errs[i] = nullptr;
    } else {
      values[i] = nullptr;
      if (!statuses[i].IsNotFound()) {
        errs[i] = strdup(statuses[i].ToString().c_str());
      } else {
        errs[i] = nullptr;
      }
    }
  }

  delete[] key_slices;
  delete[] value_slices;
  delete[] statuses;
}

// Batched MultiGet that takes pre-built Slice array, avoiding key conversion
// overhead
void rocksdb_batched_multi_get_cf_slice(
    rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, size_t num_keys,
    const rocksdb_slice_t* keys_list, rocksdb_pinnableslice_t** values,
    char** errs, const bool sorted_input) {
  PinnableSlice* value_slices = new PinnableSlice[num_keys];
  Status* statuses = new Status[num_keys];

  // Cast rocksdb_slice_t* to Slice* - they have identical memory layout
  const Slice* key_slices = reinterpret_cast<const Slice*>(keys_list);

  db->rep->MultiGet(options->rep, column_family->rep, num_keys, key_slices,
                    value_slices, statuses, sorted_input);

  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; ++i) {
    if (statuses[i].ok()) {
      values[i] = new (rocksdb_pinnableslice_t);
      values[i]->rep = std::move(value_slices[i]);
      errs[i] = nullptr;
    } else {
      values[i] = nullptr;
      if (!statuses[i].IsNotFound()) {
        errs[i] = strdup(statuses[i].ToString().c_str());
      } else {
        errs[i] = nullptr;
      }
    }
  }

  delete[] value_slices;
  delete[] statuses;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_key_may_exist(rocksdb_t* db,
                                    const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
                                    const char* key, size_t key_len,
                                    char** value, size_t* val_len,
                                    const char* timestamp, size_t timestamp_len,
                                    unsigned char* value_found) {
  std::string tmp;
  std::string time;
  if (timestamp) {
    time.assign(timestamp, timestamp_len);
  }
  bool found = false;
  const bool result = db->rep->KeyMayExist(options->rep, Slice(key, key_len),
                                           &tmp, timestamp ? &time : nullptr,
                                           value_found ? &found : nullptr);
  if (value_found) {
    *value_found = found;
    if (found) {
      *val_len = tmp.size();
      *value = CopyString(tmp);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_key_may_exist_cf(
    rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, const char* key,
    size_t key_len, char** value, size_t* val_len, const char* timestamp,
    size_t timestamp_len, unsigned char* value_found) {
  std::string tmp;
  std::string time;
  if (timestamp) {
    time.assign(timestamp, timestamp_len);
  }
  bool found = false;
  const bool result = db->rep->KeyMayExist(
      options->rep, column_family->rep, Slice(key, key_len), &tmp,
      timestamp ? &time : nullptr, value_found ? &found : nullptr);
  if (value_found) {
    *value_found = found;
    if (found) {
      *val_len = tmp.size();
      *value = CopyString(tmp);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

rocksdb_iterator_t* rocksdb_create_iterator(
    rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options) {
  rocksdb_iterator_t* result = new rocksdb_iterator_t;
  result->rep = db->rep->NewIterator(options->rep);
  return result;
}

rocksdb_wal_iterator_t* rocksdb_get_updates_since(
    rocksdb_t* db, uint64_t seq_number,
    const rocksdb_wal_readoptions_t* options, char** errptr) {
  std::unique_ptr<TransactionLogIterator> iter;
  TransactionLogIterator::ReadOptions ro;
  if (options != nullptr) {
    ro = options->rep;
  }
  if (SaveError(errptr, db->rep->GetUpdatesSince(seq_number, &iter, ro))) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  rocksdb_wal_iterator_t* result = new rocksdb_wal_iterator_t;
  result->rep = iter.release();
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_wal_iter_next(rocksdb_wal_iterator_t* iter) { iter->rep->Next(); }

unsigned char rocksdb_wal_iter_valid(const rocksdb_wal_iterator_t* iter) {
  return iter->rep->Valid();
}

void rocksdb_wal_iter_status(const rocksdb_wal_iterator_t* iter,
                             char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, iter->rep->status());
}

void rocksdb_wal_iter_destroy(const rocksdb_wal_iterator_t* iter) {
  delete iter->rep;
  delete iter;
}

rocksdb_writebatch_t* rocksdb_wal_iter_get_batch(
    const rocksdb_wal_iterator_t* iter, uint64_t* seq) {
  rocksdb_writebatch_t* result = rocksdb_writebatch_create();
  BatchResult wal_batch = iter->rep->GetBatch();
  result->rep = std::move(*wal_batch.writeBatchPtr);
  if (seq != nullptr) {
    *seq = wal_batch.sequence;
  }
  return result;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_get_latest_sequence_number(rocksdb_t* db) {
  return db->rep->GetLatestSequenceNumber();
}

rocksdb_iterator_t* rocksdb_create_iterator_cf(
    rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family) {
  rocksdb_iterator_t* result = new rocksdb_iterator_t;
  result->rep = db->rep->NewIterator(options->rep, column_family->rep);
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_create_iterators(rocksdb_t* db, rocksdb_readoptions_t* opts,
                              rocksdb_column_family_handle_t** column_families,
                              rocksdb_iterator_t** iterators, size_t size,
                              char** errptr) {
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> column_families_vec;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
    column_families_vec.push_back(column_families[i]->rep);
  }

  std::vector<Iterator*> res;
  Status status = db->rep->NewIterators(opts->rep, column_families_vec, &res);
  assert(res.size() == size);
  if (SaveError(errptr, status)) {
    return;
  }

  for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
    iterators[i] = new rocksdb_iterator_t;
    iterators[i]->rep = res[i];
  }
}

const rocksdb_snapshot_t* rocksdb_create_snapshot(rocksdb_t* db) {
  rocksdb_snapshot_t* result = new rocksdb_snapshot_t;
  result->rep = db->rep->GetSnapshot();
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_release_snapshot(rocksdb_t* db,
                              const rocksdb_snapshot_t* snapshot) {
  db->rep->ReleaseSnapshot(snapshot->rep);
  delete snapshot;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_snapshot_get_sequence_number(
    const rocksdb_snapshot_t* snapshot) {
  return snapshot->rep->GetSequenceNumber();
}

char* rocksdb_property_value(rocksdb_t* db, const char* propname) {
  std::string tmp;
  if (db->rep->GetProperty(Slice(propname), &tmp)) {
    // We use strdup() since we expect human readable output.
    return strdup(tmp.c_str());
  } else {
    return nullptr;
  }
}

int rocksdb_property_int(rocksdb_t* db, const char* propname,
                         uint64_t* out_val) {
  if (db->rep->GetIntProperty(Slice(propname), out_val)) {
    return 0;
  } else {
    return -1;
  }
}

int rocksdb_property_int_cf(rocksdb_t* db,
                            rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                            const char* propname, uint64_t* out_val) {
  if (db->rep->GetIntProperty(column_family->rep, Slice(propname), out_val)) {
    return 0;
  } else {
    return -1;
  }
}

char* rocksdb_property_value_cf(rocksdb_t* db,
                                rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                                const char* propname) {
  std::string tmp;
  if (db->rep->GetProperty(column_family->rep, Slice(propname), &tmp)) {
    // We use strdup() since we expect human readable output.
    return strdup(tmp.c_str());
  } else {
    return nullptr;
  }
}

void rocksdb_approximate_sizes(rocksdb_t* db, int num_ranges,
                               const char* const* range_start_key,
                               const size_t* range_start_key_len,
                               const char* const* range_limit_key,
                               const size_t* range_limit_key_len,
                               uint64_t* sizes, char** errptr) {
  Range* ranges = new Range[num_ranges];
  for (int i = 0; i < num_ranges; i++) {
    ranges[i].start = Slice(range_start_key[i], range_start_key_len[i]);
    ranges[i].limit = Slice(range_limit_key[i], range_limit_key_len[i]);
  }
  Status s = db->rep->GetApproximateSizes(ranges, num_ranges, sizes);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    SaveError(errptr, s);
  }
  delete[] ranges;
}

void rocksdb_approximate_sizes_cf(
    rocksdb_t* db, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    int num_ranges, const char* const* range_start_key,
    const size_t* range_start_key_len, const char* const* range_limit_key,
    const size_t* range_limit_key_len, uint64_t* sizes, char** errptr) {
  Range* ranges = new Range[num_ranges];
  for (int i = 0; i < num_ranges; i++) {
    ranges[i].start = Slice(range_start_key[i], range_start_key_len[i]);
    ranges[i].limit = Slice(range_limit_key[i], range_limit_key_len[i]);
  }
  Status s = db->rep->GetApproximateSizes(column_family->rep, ranges,
                                          num_ranges, sizes);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    SaveError(errptr, s);
  }
  delete[] ranges;
}

extern ROCKSDB_LIBRARY_API void rocksdb_approximate_sizes_cf_with_flags(
    rocksdb_t* db, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    int num_ranges, const char* const* range_start_key,
    const size_t* range_start_key_len, const char* const* range_limit_key,
    const size_t* range_limit_key_len, uint8_t include_flags, uint64_t* sizes,
    char** errptr) {
  Range* ranges = new Range[num_ranges];
  for (int i = 0; i < num_ranges; i++) {
    ranges[i].start = Slice(range_start_key[i], range_start_key_len[i]);
    ranges[i].limit = Slice(range_limit_key[i], range_limit_key_len[i]);
  }
  Status s = db->rep->GetApproximateSizes(
      column_family->rep, ranges, num_ranges, sizes,
      static_cast<DB::SizeApproximationFlags>(include_flags));
  if (!s.ok()) {
    SaveError(errptr, s);
  }
  delete[] ranges;
}

const rocksdb_livefiles_t* rocksdb_livefiles(rocksdb_t* db) {
  rocksdb_livefiles_t* result = new rocksdb_livefiles_t;
  db->rep->GetLiveFilesMetaData(&result->rep);
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_compact_range(rocksdb_t* db, const char* start_key,
                           size_t start_key_len, const char* limit_key,
                           size_t limit_key_len) {
  Slice a, b;
  db->rep->CompactRange(
      CompactRangeOptions(),
      // Pass nullptr Slice if corresponding "const char*" is nullptr
      (start_key ? (a = Slice(start_key, start_key_len), &a) : nullptr),
      (limit_key ? (b = Slice(limit_key, limit_key_len), &b) : nullptr));
}

void rocksdb_compact_range_cf(rocksdb_t* db,
                              rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                              const char* start_key, size_t start_key_len,
                              const char* limit_key, size_t limit_key_len) {
  Slice a, b;
  db->rep->CompactRange(
      CompactRangeOptions(), column_family->rep,
      // Pass nullptr Slice if corresponding "const char*" is nullptr
      (start_key ? (a = Slice(start_key, start_key_len), &a) : nullptr),
      (limit_key ? (b = Slice(limit_key, limit_key_len), &b) : nullptr));
}

void rocksdb_suggest_compact_range(rocksdb_t* db, const char* start_key,
                                   size_t start_key_len, const char* limit_key,
                                   size_t limit_key_len, char** errptr) {
  Slice a, b;
  Status s = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::experimental::SuggestCompactRange(
      db->rep,
      (start_key ? (a = Slice(start_key, start_key_len), &a) : nullptr),
      (limit_key ? (b = Slice(limit_key, limit_key_len), &b) : nullptr));
  SaveError(errptr, s);
}

void rocksdb_suggest_compact_range_cf(
    rocksdb_t* db, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    const char* start_key, size_t start_key_len, const char* limit_key,
    size_t limit_key_len, char** errptr) {
  Slice a, b;
  Status s = db->rep->SuggestCompactRange(
      column_family->rep,
      (start_key ? (a = Slice(start_key, start_key_len), &a) : nullptr),
      (limit_key ? (b = Slice(limit_key, limit_key_len), &b) : nullptr));
  SaveError(errptr, s);
}

void rocksdb_compact_range_opt(rocksdb_t* db, rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt,
                               const char* start_key, size_t start_key_len,
                               const char* limit_key, size_t limit_key_len) {
  Slice a, b;
  db->rep->CompactRange(
      opt->rep,
      // Pass nullptr Slice if corresponding "const char*" is nullptr
      (start_key ? (a = Slice(start_key, start_key_len), &a) : nullptr),
      (limit_key ? (b = Slice(limit_key, limit_key_len), &b) : nullptr));
}

void rocksdb_compact_range_cf_opt(rocksdb_t* db,
                                  rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                                  rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt,
                                  const char* start_key, size_t start_key_len,
                                  const char* limit_key, size_t limit_key_len) {
  Slice a, b;
  db->rep->CompactRange(
      opt->rep, column_family->rep,
      // Pass nullptr Slice if corresponding "const char*" is nullptr
      (start_key ? (a = Slice(start_key, start_key_len), &a) : nullptr),
      (limit_key ? (b = Slice(limit_key, limit_key_len), &b) : nullptr));
}

void rocksdb_flush(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_flushoptions_t* options,
                   char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->Flush(options->rep));
}

void rocksdb_flush_cf(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_flushoptions_t* options,
                      rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                      char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->Flush(options->rep, column_family->rep));
}

void rocksdb_flush_cfs(rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_flushoptions_t* options,
                       rocksdb_column_family_handle_t** column_families,
                       int num_column_families, char** errptr) {
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> column_family_handles;
  for (int i = 0; i < num_column_families; i++) {
    column_family_handles.push_back(column_families[i]->rep);
  }

  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->Flush(options->rep, column_family_handles));
}

void rocksdb_flush_wal(rocksdb_t* db, unsigned char sync, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->FlushWAL(sync));
}

void rocksdb_disable_file_deletions(rocksdb_t* db, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->DisableFileDeletions());
}

void rocksdb_enable_file_deletions(rocksdb_t* db, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->EnableFileDeletions());
}

void rocksdb_destroy_db(const rocksdb_options_t* options, const char* name,
                        char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, DestroyDB(name, options->rep));
}

void rocksdb_repair_db(const rocksdb_options_t* options, const char* name,
                       char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, RepairDB(name, options->rep));
}

void rocksdb_iter_destroy(rocksdb_iterator_t* iter) {
  delete iter->rep;
  delete iter;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_iter_valid(const rocksdb_iterator_t* iter) {
  return iter->rep->Valid();
}

void rocksdb_iter_seek_to_first(rocksdb_iterator_t* iter) {
  iter->rep->SeekToFirst();
}

void rocksdb_iter_seek_to_last(rocksdb_iterator_t* iter) {
  iter->rep->SeekToLast();
}

void rocksdb_iter_seek(rocksdb_iterator_t* iter, const char* k, size_t klen) {
  iter->rep->Seek(Slice(k, klen));
}

void rocksdb_iter_seek_for_prev(rocksdb_iterator_t* iter, const char* k,
                                size_t klen) {
  iter->rep->SeekForPrev(Slice(k, klen));
}

void rocksdb_iter_next(rocksdb_iterator_t* iter) { iter->rep->Next(); }

void rocksdb_iter_prev(rocksdb_iterator_t* iter) { iter->rep->Prev(); }

const char* rocksdb_iter_key(const rocksdb_iterator_t* iter, size_t* klen) {
  Slice s = iter->rep->key();
  *klen = s.size();
  return s.data();
}

const char* rocksdb_iter_value(const rocksdb_iterator_t* iter, size_t* vlen) {
  Slice s = iter->rep->value();
  *vlen = s.size();
  return s.data();
}

const char* rocksdb_iter_timestamp(const rocksdb_iterator_t* iter,
                                   size_t* tslen) {
  Slice s = iter->rep->timestamp();
  *tslen = s.size();
  return s.data();
}

void rocksdb_iter_get_error(const rocksdb_iterator_t* iter, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, iter->rep->status());
}

// Iterator functions that return rocksdb_slice_t directly for better
// performance
rocksdb_slice_t rocksdb_iter_key_slice(const rocksdb_iterator_t* iter) {
  Slice s = iter->rep->key();
  rocksdb_slice_t result;
  result.data = s.data();
  result.size = s.size();
  return result;
}

rocksdb_slice_t rocksdb_iter_value_slice(const rocksdb_iterator_t* iter) {
  Slice s = iter->rep->value();
  rocksdb_slice_t result;
  result.data = s.data();
  result.size = s.size();
  return result;
}

rocksdb_slice_t rocksdb_iter_timestamp_slice(const rocksdb_iterator_t* iter) {
  Slice s = iter->rep->timestamp();
  rocksdb_slice_t result;
  result.data = s.data();
  result.size = s.size();
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_iter_refresh(const rocksdb_iterator_t* iter, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, iter->rep->Refresh());
}

rocksdb_writebatch_t* rocksdb_writebatch_create() {
  return new rocksdb_writebatch_t;
}

rocksdb_writebatch_t* rocksdb_writebatch_create_from(const char* rep,
                                                     size_t size) {
  rocksdb_writebatch_t* b = new rocksdb_writebatch_t;
  b->rep = WriteBatch(std::string(rep, size));
  return b;
}

rocksdb_writebatch_t* rocksdb_writebatch_create_with_params(
    size_t reserved_bytes, size_t max_bytes, size_t protection_bytes_per_key,
    size_t default_cf_ts_sz) {
  rocksdb_writebatch_t* b = new rocksdb_writebatch_t;
  b->rep = WriteBatch(reserved_bytes, max_bytes, protection_bytes_per_key,
                      default_cf_ts_sz);
  return b;
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_destroy(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b) { delete b; }

void rocksdb_writebatch_clear(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b) { b->rep.Clear(); }

int rocksdb_writebatch_count(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b) { return b->rep.Count(); }

void rocksdb_writebatch_put(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, const char* key,
                            size_t klen, const char* val, size_t vlen) {
  b->rep.Put(Slice(key, klen), Slice(val, vlen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_put_cf(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b,
                               rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                               const char* key, size_t klen, const char* val,
                               size_t vlen) {
  b->rep.Put(column_family->rep, Slice(key, klen), Slice(val, vlen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_put_cf_with_ts(
    rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    const char* key, size_t klen, const char* ts, size_t tslen, const char* val,
    size_t vlen) {
  b->rep.Put(column_family->rep, Slice(key, klen), Slice(ts, tslen),
             Slice(val, vlen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_putv(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, int num_keys,
                             const char* const* keys_list,
                             const size_t* keys_list_sizes, int num_values,
                             const char* const* values_list,
                             const size_t* values_list_sizes) {
  // Use unique_ptr instead of vector to avoid overhead
  // Safe because WriteBatch::Put immediately copies the data
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    key_slices[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> value_slices(new Slice[num_values]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_values; i++) {
    value_slices[i] = Slice(values_list[i], values_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  b->rep.Put(SliceParts(key_slices.get(), num_keys),
             SliceParts(value_slices.get(), num_values));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_putv_cf(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b,
                                rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                                int num_keys, const char* const* keys_list,
                                const size_t* keys_list_sizes, int num_values,
                                const char* const* values_list,
                                const size_t* values_list_sizes) {
  // Use unique_ptr instead of vector to avoid overhead
  // Safe because WriteBatch::Put immediately copies the data
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    key_slices[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> value_slices(new Slice[num_values]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_values; i++) {
    value_slices[i] = Slice(values_list[i], values_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  b->rep.Put(column_family->rep, SliceParts(key_slices.get(), num_keys),
             SliceParts(value_slices.get(), num_values));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_merge(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, const char* key,
                              size_t klen, const char* val, size_t vlen) {
  b->rep.Merge(Slice(key, klen), Slice(val, vlen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_merge_cf(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b,
                                 rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                                 const char* key, size_t klen, const char* val,
                                 size_t vlen) {
  b->rep.Merge(column_family->rep, Slice(key, klen), Slice(val, vlen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_mergev(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, int num_keys,
                               const char* const* keys_list,
                               const size_t* keys_list_sizes, int num_values,
                               const char* const* values_list,
                               const size_t* values_list_sizes) {
  // Use unique_ptr instead of vector to avoid overhead
  // Safe because WriteBatch::Merge immediately copies the data
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    key_slices[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> value_slices(new Slice[num_values]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_values; i++) {
    value_slices[i] = Slice(values_list[i], values_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  b->rep.Merge(SliceParts(key_slices.get(), num_keys),
               SliceParts(value_slices.get(), num_values));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_mergev_cf(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b,
                                  rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                                  int num_keys, const char* const* keys_list,
                                  const size_t* keys_list_sizes, int num_values,
                                  const char* const* values_list,
                                  const size_t* values_list_sizes) {
  // Use unique_ptr instead of vector to avoid overhead
  // Safe because WriteBatch::Merge immediately copies the data
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    key_slices[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> value_slices(new Slice[num_values]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_values; i++) {
    value_slices[i] = Slice(values_list[i], values_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  b->rep.Merge(column_family->rep, SliceParts(key_slices.get(), num_keys),
               SliceParts(value_slices.get(), num_values));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_delete(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, const char* key,
                               size_t klen) {
  b->rep.Delete(Slice(key, klen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_singledelete(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, const char* key,
                                     size_t klen) {
  b->rep.SingleDelete(Slice(key, klen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_delete_cf(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b,
                                  rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                                  const char* key, size_t klen) {
  b->rep.Delete(column_family->rep, Slice(key, klen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_delete_cf_with_ts(
    rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    const char* key, size_t klen, const char* ts, size_t tslen) {
  b->rep.Delete(column_family->rep, Slice(key, klen), Slice(ts, tslen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_singledelete_cf(
    rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    const char* key, size_t klen) {
  b->rep.SingleDelete(column_family->rep, Slice(key, klen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_singledelete_cf_with_ts(
    rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    const char* key, size_t klen, const char* ts, size_t tslen) {
  b->rep.SingleDelete(column_family->rep, Slice(key, klen), Slice(ts, tslen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_deletev(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, int num_keys,
                                const char* const* keys_list,
                                const size_t* keys_list_sizes) {
  // Use unique_ptr instead of vector to avoid overhead
  // Safe because WriteBatch::Delete immediately copies the data
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    key_slices[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  b->rep.Delete(SliceParts(key_slices.get(), num_keys));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_deletev_cf(
    rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    int num_keys, const char* const* keys_list, const size_t* keys_list_sizes) {
  // Use unique_ptr instead of vector to avoid overhead
  // Safe because WriteBatch::Delete immediately copies the data
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    key_slices[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  b->rep.Delete(column_family->rep, SliceParts(key_slices.get(), num_keys));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_delete_range(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b,
                                     const char* start_key,
                                     size_t start_key_len, const char* end_key,
                                     size_t end_key_len) {
  b->rep.DeleteRange(Slice(start_key, start_key_len),
                     Slice(end_key, end_key_len));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_delete_range_cf(
    rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    const char* start_key, size_t start_key_len, const char* end_key,
    size_t end_key_len) {
  b->rep.DeleteRange(column_family->rep, Slice(start_key, start_key_len),
                     Slice(end_key, end_key_len));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_delete_rangev(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, int num_keys,
                                      const char* const* start_keys_list,
                                      const size_t* start_keys_list_sizes,
                                      const char* const* end_keys_list,
                                      const size_t* end_keys_list_sizes) {
  // Use unique_ptr instead of vector to avoid overhead
  // Safe because WriteBatch::DeleteRange immediately copies the data
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> start_key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> end_key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    start_key_slices[i] = Slice(start_keys_list[i], start_keys_list_sizes[i]);
    end_key_slices[i] = Slice(end_keys_list[i], end_keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  b->rep.DeleteRange(SliceParts(start_key_slices.get(), num_keys),
                     SliceParts(end_key_slices.get(), num_keys));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_delete_rangev_cf(
    rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    int num_keys, const char* const* start_keys_list,
    const size_t* start_keys_list_sizes, const char* const* end_keys_list,
    const size_t* end_keys_list_sizes) {
  // Use unique_ptr instead of vector to avoid overhead
  // Safe because WriteBatch::DeleteRange immediately copies the data
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> start_key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> end_key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    start_key_slices[i] = Slice(start_keys_list[i], start_keys_list_sizes[i]);
    end_key_slices[i] = Slice(end_keys_list[i], end_keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  b->rep.DeleteRange(column_family->rep,
                     SliceParts(start_key_slices.get(), num_keys),
                     SliceParts(end_key_slices.get(), num_keys));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_put_log_data(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, const char* blob,
                                     size_t len) {
  b->rep.PutLogData(Slice(blob, len));
}

class H : public WriteBatch::Handler {
 public:
  void* state_;
  void (*put_)(void*, const char* k, size_t klen, const char* v, size_t vlen);
  void (*deleted_)(void*, const char* k, size_t klen);
  void (*log_data_)(void*, const char* blob, size_t blob_len);

  void Put(const Slice& key, const Slice& value) override {
    (*put_)(state_, key.data(), key.size(), value.data(), value.size());
  }
  void Delete(const Slice& key) override {
    (*deleted_)(state_, key.data(), key.size());
  }
  void LogData(const Slice& blob) override {
    if (log_data_) {
      (*log_data_)(state_, blob.data(), blob.size());
    }
  }
  Status MarkNoop(bool /* empty_batch */) override { return Status::OK(); }
};

class HCF : public WriteBatch::Handler {
 public:
  void* state_;
  void (*put_cf_)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
                  const char* v, size_t vlen);
  void (*deleted_cf_)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen);
  void (*merge_cf_)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
                    const char* v, size_t vlen);
  void (*log_data_)(void*, const char* blob, size_t blob_len);

  Status PutCF(uint32_t column_family_id, const Slice& key,
               const Slice& value) override {
    (*put_cf_)(state_, column_family_id, key.data(), key.size(), value.data(),
               value.size());
    return Status::OK();
  }
  Status DeleteCF(uint32_t column_family_id, const Slice& key) override {
    (*deleted_cf_)(state_, column_family_id, key.data(), key.size());
    return Status::OK();
  }
  Status MergeCF(uint32_t column_family_id, const Slice& key,
                 const Slice& value) override {
    (*merge_cf_)(state_, column_family_id, key.data(), key.size(), value.data(),
                 value.size());
    return Status::OK();
  }
  void LogData(const Slice& blob) override {
    if (log_data_) {
      (*log_data_)(state_, blob.data(), blob.size());
    }
  }
  Status MarkNoop(bool /* empty_batch */) override { return Status::OK(); }
};

void rocksdb_writebatch_iterate(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, void* state,
                                void (*put)(void*, const char* k, size_t klen,
                                            const char* v, size_t vlen),
                                void (*deleted)(void*, const char* k,
                                                size_t klen)) {
  H handler;
  handler.state_ = state;
  handler.put_ = put;
  handler.deleted_ = deleted;
  handler.log_data_ = nullptr;
  b->rep.Iterate(&handler);
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_iterate_ld(
    rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, void* state,
    void (*put)(void*, const char* k, size_t klen, const char* v, size_t vlen),
    void (*deleted)(void*, const char* k, size_t klen),
    void (*log_data)(void*, const char* blob, size_t blob_len)) {
  H handler;
  handler.state_ = state;
  handler.put_ = put;
  handler.deleted_ = deleted;
  handler.log_data_ = log_data;
  b->rep.Iterate(&handler);
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_iterate_cf(
    rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, void* state,
    void (*put_cf)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
                   const char* v, size_t vlen),
    void (*deleted_cf)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen),
    void (*merge_cf)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
                     const char* v, size_t vlen)) {
  HCF handler;
  handler.state_ = state;
  handler.put_cf_ = put_cf;
  handler.deleted_cf_ = deleted_cf;
  handler.merge_cf_ = merge_cf;
  handler.log_data_ = nullptr;
  b->rep.Iterate(&handler);
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_iterate_cf_ld(
    rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, void* state,
    void (*put_cf)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
                   const char* v, size_t vlen),
    void (*deleted_cf)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen),
    void (*merge_cf)(void*, uint32_t cfid, const char* k, size_t klen,
                     const char* v, size_t vlen),
    void (*log_data)(void*, const char* blob, size_t blob_len)) {
  HCF handler;
  handler.state_ = state;
  handler.put_cf_ = put_cf;
  handler.deleted_cf_ = deleted_cf;
  handler.merge_cf_ = merge_cf;
  handler.log_data_ = log_data;
  b->rep.Iterate(&handler);
}

const char* rocksdb_writebatch_data(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, size_t* size) {
  *size = b->rep.GetDataSize();
  return b->rep.Data().c_str();
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_set_save_point(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b) {
  b->rep.SetSavePoint();
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_rollback_to_save_point(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b,
                                               char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, b->rep.RollbackToSavePoint());
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_pop_save_point(rocksdb_writebatch_t* b, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, b->rep.PopSavePoint());
}

rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* rocksdb_writebatch_wi_create(
    size_t reserved_bytes, unsigned char overwrite_key) {
  rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b = new rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t;
  b->rep = new WriteBatchWithIndex(BytewiseComparator(), reserved_bytes,
                                   overwrite_key);
  return b;
}

rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* rocksdb_writebatch_wi_create_with_params(
    rocksdb_comparator_t* backup_index_comparator, size_t reserved_bytes,
    unsigned char overwrite_key, size_t max_bytes,
    size_t protection_bytes_per_key) {
  rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b = new rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t;
  b->rep = new WriteBatchWithIndex(backup_index_comparator, reserved_bytes,
                                   overwrite_key, max_bytes,
                                   protection_bytes_per_key);
  return b;
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_update_timestamps(
    rocksdb_writebatch_t* wb, const char* ts, size_t tslen, void* state,
    size_t (*get_ts_size)(void*, uint32_t), char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, wb->rep.UpdateTimestamps(
                        Slice(ts, tslen), [&get_ts_size, &state](uint32_t cf) {
                          return (*get_ts_size)(state, cf);
                        }));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_update_timestamps(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* wb, const char* ts, size_t tslen, void* state,
    size_t (*get_ts_size)(void*, uint32_t), char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, wb->rep->GetWriteBatch()->UpdateTimestamps(
                        Slice(ts, tslen), [&get_ts_size, &state](uint32_t cf) {
                          return (*get_ts_size)(state, cf);
                        }));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_destroy(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b) {
  if (b->rep) {
    delete b->rep;
  }
  delete b;
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_clear(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b) {
  b->rep->Clear();
}

int rocksdb_writebatch_wi_count(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b) {
  return b->rep->GetWriteBatch()->Count();
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_put(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b, const char* key,
                               size_t klen, const char* val, size_t vlen) {
  b->rep->Put(Slice(key, klen), Slice(val, vlen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_put_cf(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b,
                                  rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                                  const char* key, size_t klen, const char* val,
                                  size_t vlen) {
  b->rep->Put(column_family->rep, Slice(key, klen), Slice(val, vlen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_putv(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b, int num_keys,
                                const char* const* keys_list,
                                const size_t* keys_list_sizes, int num_values,
                                const char* const* values_list,
                                const size_t* values_list_sizes) {
  // Use unique_ptr for better performance (avoids vector overhead)
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    key_slices[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> value_slices(new Slice[num_values]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_values; i++) {
    value_slices[i] = Slice(values_list[i], values_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  b->rep->Put(SliceParts(key_slices.get(), num_keys),
              SliceParts(value_slices.get(), num_values));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_putv_cf(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    int num_keys, const char* const* keys_list, const size_t* keys_list_sizes,
    int num_values, const char* const* values_list,
    const size_t* values_list_sizes) {
  std::vector<Slice> key_slices(num_keys);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    key_slices[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  std::vector<Slice> value_slices(num_values);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_values; i++) {
    value_slices[i] = Slice(values_list[i], values_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  b->rep->Put(column_family->rep, SliceParts(key_slices.data(), num_keys),
              SliceParts(value_slices.data(), num_values));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_merge(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b, const char* key,
                                 size_t klen, const char* val, size_t vlen) {
  b->rep->Merge(Slice(key, klen), Slice(val, vlen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_merge_cf(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    const char* key, size_t klen, const char* val, size_t vlen) {
  b->rep->Merge(column_family->rep, Slice(key, klen), Slice(val, vlen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_mergev(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b, int num_keys,
                                  const char* const* keys_list,
                                  const size_t* keys_list_sizes, int num_values,
                                  const char* const* values_list,
                                  const size_t* values_list_sizes) {
  // Use unique_ptr for better performance (avoids vector overhead)
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    key_slices[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> value_slices(new Slice[num_values]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_values; i++) {
    value_slices[i] = Slice(values_list[i], values_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  b->rep->Merge(SliceParts(key_slices.get(), num_keys),
                SliceParts(value_slices.get(), num_values));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_mergev_cf(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    int num_keys, const char* const* keys_list, const size_t* keys_list_sizes,
    int num_values, const char* const* values_list,
    const size_t* values_list_sizes) {
  // Use unique_ptr for better performance (avoids vector overhead)
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    key_slices[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> value_slices(new Slice[num_values]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_values; i++) {
    value_slices[i] = Slice(values_list[i], values_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  b->rep->Merge(column_family->rep, SliceParts(key_slices.get(), num_keys),
                SliceParts(value_slices.get(), num_values));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_delete(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b, const char* key,
                                  size_t klen) {
  b->rep->Delete(Slice(key, klen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_singledelete(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b,
                                        const char* key, size_t klen) {
  b->rep->SingleDelete(Slice(key, klen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_delete_cf(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    const char* key, size_t klen) {
  b->rep->Delete(column_family->rep, Slice(key, klen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_singledelete_cf(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    const char* key, size_t klen) {
  b->rep->SingleDelete(column_family->rep, Slice(key, klen));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_deletev(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b, int num_keys,
                                   const char* const* keys_list,
                                   const size_t* keys_list_sizes) {
  std::vector<Slice> key_slices(num_keys);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    key_slices[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  b->rep->Delete(SliceParts(key_slices.data(), num_keys));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_deletev_cf(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    int num_keys, const char* const* keys_list, const size_t* keys_list_sizes) {
  // Use unique_ptr for better performance (avoids vector overhead)
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    key_slices[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  b->rep->Delete(column_family->rep, SliceParts(key_slices.get(), num_keys));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_delete_range(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b,
                                        const char* start_key,
                                        size_t start_key_len,
                                        const char* end_key,
                                        size_t end_key_len) {
  b->rep->DeleteRange(Slice(start_key, start_key_len),
                      Slice(end_key, end_key_len));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_delete_range_cf(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    const char* start_key, size_t start_key_len, const char* end_key,
    size_t end_key_len) {
  b->rep->DeleteRange(column_family->rep, Slice(start_key, start_key_len),
                      Slice(end_key, end_key_len));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_delete_rangev(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b,
                                         int num_keys,
                                         const char* const* start_keys_list,
                                         const size_t* start_keys_list_sizes,
                                         const char* const* end_keys_list,
                                         const size_t* end_keys_list_sizes) {
  // Use unique_ptr for better performance (avoids vector overhead)
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> start_key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> end_key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    start_key_slices[i] = Slice(start_keys_list[i], start_keys_list_sizes[i]);
    end_key_slices[i] = Slice(end_keys_list[i], end_keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  b->rep->DeleteRange(SliceParts(start_key_slices.get(), num_keys),
                      SliceParts(end_key_slices.get(), num_keys));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_delete_rangev_cf(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    int num_keys, const char* const* start_keys_list,
    const size_t* start_keys_list_sizes, const char* const* end_keys_list,
    const size_t* end_keys_list_sizes) {
  // Use unique_ptr for better performance (avoids vector overhead)
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> start_key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> end_key_slices(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (int i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    start_key_slices[i] = Slice(start_keys_list[i], start_keys_list_sizes[i]);
    end_key_slices[i] = Slice(end_keys_list[i], end_keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  b->rep->DeleteRange(column_family->rep,
                      SliceParts(start_key_slices.get(), num_keys),
                      SliceParts(end_key_slices.get(), num_keys));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_put_log_data(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b,
                                        const char* blob, size_t len) {
  b->rep->PutLogData(Slice(blob, len));
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_iterate(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b, void* state,
    void (*put)(void*, const char* k, size_t klen, const char* v, size_t vlen),
    void (*deleted)(void*, const char* k, size_t klen)) {
  H handler;
  handler.state_ = state;
  handler.put_ = put;
  handler.deleted_ = deleted;
  b->rep->GetWriteBatch()->Iterate(&handler);
}

const char* rocksdb_writebatch_wi_data(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b,
                                       size_t* size) {
  WriteBatch* wb = b->rep->GetWriteBatch();
  *size = wb->GetDataSize();
  return wb->Data().c_str();
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_set_save_point(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b) {
  b->rep->SetSavePoint();
}

void rocksdb_writebatch_wi_rollback_to_save_point(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* b,
                                                  char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, b->rep->RollbackToSavePoint());
}

rocksdb_iterator_t* rocksdb_writebatch_wi_create_iterator_with_base(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* wbwi, rocksdb_iterator_t* base_iterator) {
  rocksdb_iterator_t* result = new rocksdb_iterator_t;
  result->rep = wbwi->rep->NewIteratorWithBase(base_iterator->rep);
  delete base_iterator;
  return result;
}

rocksdb_iterator_t* rocksdb_writebatch_wi_create_iterator_with_base_readopts(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* wbwi, rocksdb_iterator_t* base_iterator,
    const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options) {
  rocksdb_iterator_t* result = new rocksdb_iterator_t;
  result->rep =
      wbwi->rep->NewIteratorWithBase(base_iterator->rep, &options->rep);
  delete base_iterator;
  return result;
}

rocksdb_iterator_t* rocksdb_writebatch_wi_create_iterator_with_base_cf(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* wbwi, rocksdb_iterator_t* base_iterator,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family) {
  rocksdb_iterator_t* result = new rocksdb_iterator_t;
  result->rep =
      wbwi->rep->NewIteratorWithBase(column_family->rep, base_iterator->rep);
  delete base_iterator;
  return result;
}

rocksdb_iterator_t* rocksdb_writebatch_wi_create_iterator_with_base_cf_readopts(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* wbwi, rocksdb_iterator_t* base_iterator,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options) {
  rocksdb_iterator_t* result = new rocksdb_iterator_t;
  result->rep = wbwi->rep->NewIteratorWithBase(
      column_family->rep, base_iterator->rep, &options->rep);
  delete base_iterator;
  return result;
}

char* rocksdb_writebatch_wi_get_from_batch(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* wbwi,
                                           const rocksdb_options_t* options,
                                           const char* key, size_t keylen,
                                           size_t* vallen, char** errptr) {
  char* result = nullptr;
  std::string tmp;
  Status s = wbwi->rep->GetFromBatch(options->rep, Slice(key, keylen), &tmp);
  if (s.ok()) {
    *vallen = tmp.size();
    result = CopyString(tmp);
  } else {
    *vallen = 0;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

char* rocksdb_writebatch_wi_get_from_batch_cf(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* wbwi, const rocksdb_options_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, const char* key,
    size_t keylen, size_t* vallen, char** errptr) {
  char* result = nullptr;
  std::string tmp;
  Status s = wbwi->rep->GetFromBatch(column_family->rep, options->rep,
                                     Slice(key, keylen), &tmp);
  if (s.ok()) {
    *vallen = tmp.size();
    result = CopyString(tmp);
  } else {
    *vallen = 0;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

char* rocksdb_writebatch_wi_get_from_batch_and_db(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* wbwi, rocksdb_t* db,
    const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options, const char* key, size_t keylen,
    size_t* vallen, char** errptr) {
  char* result = nullptr;
  // Use PinnableSlice to avoid unnecessary allocations
  PinnableSlice pinnable_val;
  Status s = wbwi->rep->GetFromBatchAndDB(db->rep, options->rep,
                                          Slice(key, keylen), &pinnable_val);
  if (s.ok()) {
    *vallen = pinnable_val.size();
    result = CopyString(pinnable_val);
  } else {
    *vallen = 0;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* rocksdb_writebatch_wi_get_pinned_from_batch_and_db(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* wbwi, rocksdb_t* db,
    const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options, const char* key, size_t keylen,
    char** errptr) {
  rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* v = new (rocksdb_pinnableslice_t);
  Status s = wbwi->rep->GetFromBatchAndDB(db->rep, options->rep,
                                          Slice(key, keylen), &v->rep);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    delete (v);
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
    return nullptr;
  }
  return v;
}

char* rocksdb_writebatch_wi_get_from_batch_and_db_cf(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* wbwi, rocksdb_t* db,
    const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, const char* key,
    size_t keylen, size_t* vallen, char** errptr) {
  char* result = nullptr;
  // Use PinnableSlice to avoid unnecessary allocations
  PinnableSlice pinnable_val;
  Status s =
      wbwi->rep->GetFromBatchAndDB(db->rep, options->rep, column_family->rep,
                                   Slice(key, keylen), &pinnable_val);
  if (s.ok()) {
    *vallen = pinnable_val.size();
    result = CopyString(pinnable_val);
  } else {
    *vallen = 0;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* rocksdb_writebatch_wi_get_pinned_from_batch_and_db_cf(
    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* wbwi, rocksdb_t* db,
    const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, const char* key,
    size_t keylen, char** errptr) {
  rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* v = new (rocksdb_pinnableslice_t);
  Status s = wbwi->rep->GetFromBatchAndDB(
      db->rep, options->rep, column_family->rep, Slice(key, keylen), &v->rep);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    delete (v);
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
    return nullptr;
  }
  return v;
}

void rocksdb_write_writebatch_wi(rocksdb_t* db,
                                 const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                                 rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* wbwi, char** errptr) {
  WriteBatch* wb = wbwi->rep->GetWriteBatch();
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->Write(options->rep, wb));
}

void rocksdb_load_latest_options(
    const char* db_path, rocksdb_env_t* env, bool ignore_unknown_options,
    rocksdb_cache_t* cache, rocksdb_options_t** db_options,
    size_t* num_column_families, char*** list_column_family_names,
    rocksdb_options_t*** list_column_family_options, char** errptr) {
  DBOptions db_opt;
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> cf_descs;
  ConfigOptions config_opts;
  config_opts.ignore_unknown_options = ignore_unknown_options;
  config_opts.input_strings_escaped = true;
  config_opts.env = env->rep;
  Status s = LoadLatestOptions(config_opts, std::string(db_path), &db_opt,
                               &cf_descs, &cache->rep);
  if (s.ok()) {
    char** cf_names = (char**)malloc(cf_descs.size() * sizeof(char*));
    rocksdb_options_t** cf_options = (rocksdb_options_t**)malloc(
        cf_descs.size() * sizeof(rocksdb_options_t*));
    for (size_t i = 0; i < cf_descs.size(); ++i) {
      cf_names[i] = strdup(cf_descs[i].name.c_str());
      cf_options[i] = new rocksdb_options_t{
          Options(DBOptions(), std::move(cf_descs[i].options))};
    }
    *num_column_families = cf_descs.size();
    *db_options = new rocksdb_options_t{
        Options(std::move(db_opt), ColumnFamilyOptions())};
    *list_column_family_names = cf_names;
    *list_column_family_options = cf_options;
  } else {
    *num_column_families = 0;
    *db_options = nullptr;
    *list_column_family_names = nullptr;
    *list_column_family_options = nullptr;
    SaveError(errptr, s);
  }
}

void rocksdb_load_latest_options_destroy(
    rocksdb_options_t* db_options, char** list_column_family_names,
    rocksdb_options_t** list_column_family_options, size_t len) {
  rocksdb_options_destroy(db_options);
  if (list_column_family_names) {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
      free(list_column_family_names[i]);
    }
    free(list_column_family_names);
  }
  if (list_column_family_options) {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
      rocksdb_options_destroy(list_column_family_options[i]);
    }
    free(list_column_family_options);
  }
}

rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* rocksdb_block_based_options_create() {
  return new rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_destroy(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options) {
  delete options;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_checksum(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* opt, char v) {
  opt->rep.checksum = static_cast<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::ChecksumType>(v);
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_block_size(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, size_t block_size) {
  options->rep.block_size = block_size;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_block_size_deviation(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, int block_size_deviation) {
  options->rep.block_size_deviation = block_size_deviation;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_block_restart_interval(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, int block_restart_interval) {
  options->rep.block_restart_interval = block_restart_interval;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_index_block_restart_interval(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options,
    int index_block_restart_interval) {
  options->rep.index_block_restart_interval = index_block_restart_interval;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_metadata_block_size(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options,
    uint64_t metadata_block_size) {
  options->rep.metadata_block_size = metadata_block_size;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_partition_filters(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options,
    unsigned char partition_filters) {
  options->rep.partition_filters = partition_filters;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_optimize_filters_for_memory(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options,
    unsigned char optimize_filters_for_memory) {
  options->rep.optimize_filters_for_memory = optimize_filters_for_memory;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_use_delta_encoding(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options,
    unsigned char use_delta_encoding) {
  options->rep.use_delta_encoding = use_delta_encoding;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_filter_policy(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options,
    rocksdb_filterpolicy_t* filter_policy) {
  options->rep.filter_policy.reset(filter_policy);
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_no_block_cache(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options,
    unsigned char no_block_cache) {
  options->rep.no_block_cache = no_block_cache;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_block_cache(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options,
    rocksdb_cache_t* block_cache) {
  if (block_cache) {
    options->rep.block_cache = block_cache->rep;
  }
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_whole_key_filtering(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, unsigned char v) {
  options->rep.whole_key_filtering = v;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_format_version(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, int v) {
  options->rep.format_version = v;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_separate_key_value_in_data_block(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, unsigned char v) {
  options->rep.separate_key_value_in_data_block = v;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_index_type(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, int v) {
  options->rep.index_type = static_cast<BlockBasedTableOptions::IndexType>(v);
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_data_block_index_type(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, int v) {
  options->rep.data_block_index_type =
      static_cast<BlockBasedTableOptions::DataBlockIndexType>(v);
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_index_block_search_type(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, int v) {
  options->rep.index_block_search_type =
      static_cast<BlockBasedTableOptions::BlockSearchType>(v);
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_data_block_hash_ratio(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, double v) {
  options->rep.data_block_hash_table_util_ratio = v;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_cache_index_and_filter_blocks(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, unsigned char v) {
  options->rep.cache_index_and_filter_blocks = v;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_cache_index_and_filter_blocks_with_high_priority(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, unsigned char v) {
  options->rep.cache_index_and_filter_blocks_with_high_priority = v;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, unsigned char v) {
  options->rep.pin_l0_filter_and_index_blocks_in_cache = v;
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_pin_top_level_index_and_filter(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, unsigned char v) {
  options->rep.pin_top_level_index_and_filter = v;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_block_based_table_factory(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt,
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* table_options) {
  if (table_options) {
    opt->rep.table_factory.reset(
        ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::NewBlockBasedTableFactory(table_options->rep));
  }
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_top_level_index_pinning_tier(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, int v) {
  options->rep.metadata_cache_options.top_level_index_pinning =
      static_cast<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::PinningTier>(v);
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_partition_pinning_tier(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, int v) {
  options->rep.metadata_cache_options.partition_pinning =
      static_cast<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::PinningTier>(v);
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_unpartitioned_pinning_tier(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, int v) {
  options->rep.metadata_cache_options.unpartitioned_pinning =
      static_cast<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::PinningTier>(v);
}

void rocksdb_block_based_options_set_block_align(
    rocksdb_block_based_table_options_t* options, unsigned char v) {
  options->rep.block_align = v;
}

/* FlushJobInfo */

const char* rocksdb_flushjobinfo_cf_name(const rocksdb_flushjobinfo_t* info,
                                         size_t* size) {
  *size = info->rep.cf_name.size();
  return info->rep.cf_name.data();
}

const char* rocksdb_flushjobinfo_file_path(const rocksdb_flushjobinfo_t* info,
                                           size_t* size) {
  *size = info->rep.file_path.size();
  return info->rep.file_path.data();
}

unsigned char rocksdb_flushjobinfo_triggered_writes_slowdown(
    const rocksdb_flushjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.triggered_writes_slowdown;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_flushjobinfo_triggered_writes_stop(
    const rocksdb_flushjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.triggered_writes_stop;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_flushjobinfo_largest_seqno(
    const rocksdb_flushjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.largest_seqno;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_flushjobinfo_smallest_seqno(
    const rocksdb_flushjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.smallest_seqno;
}

uint32_t rocksdb_flushjobinfo_flush_reason(const rocksdb_flushjobinfo_t* info) {
  return static_cast<uint32_t>(info->rep.flush_reason);
}

void rocksdb_reset_status(rocksdb_status_ptr_t* status_ptr) {
  auto ptr = status_ptr->rep;
  *ptr = Status::OK();
}

/* CompactionJobInfo */

void rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_status(const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t* info,
                                      char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, info->rep.status);
}

const char* rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_cf_name(
    const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t* info, size_t* size) {
  *size = info->rep.cf_name.size();
  return info->rep.cf_name.data();
}

size_t rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_input_files_count(
    const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.input_files.size();
}

const char* rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_input_file_at(
    const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t* info, size_t pos, size_t* size) {
  assert(info != nullptr);
  assert(pos < info->rep.input_files.size());

  const std::string& path = info->rep.input_files[pos];
  *size = path.size();
  return path.data();
}

size_t rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_output_files_count(
    const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.output_files.size();
}

const char* rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_output_file_at(
    const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t* info, size_t pos, size_t* size) {
  assert(info != nullptr);
  assert(pos < info->rep.output_files.size());

  const std::string& path = info->rep.output_files[pos];
  *size = path.size();
  return path.data();
}

uint64_t rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_elapsed_micros(
    const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.stats.elapsed_micros;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_num_corrupt_keys(
    const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.stats.num_corrupt_keys;
}

int rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_base_input_level(
    const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.base_input_level;
}

int rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_output_level(
    const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.output_level;
}

size_t rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_num_input_files(
    const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.stats.num_input_files;
}

size_t rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_num_input_files_at_output_level(
    const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.stats.num_input_files_at_output_level;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_input_records(
    const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.stats.num_input_records;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_output_records(
    const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.stats.num_output_records;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_total_input_bytes(
    const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.stats.total_input_bytes;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_total_output_bytes(
    const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.stats.total_output_bytes;
}

uint32_t rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_compaction_reason(
    const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t* info) {
  return static_cast<uint32_t>(info->rep.compaction_reason);
}

/* SubcompactionJobInfo */

void rocksdb_subcompactionjobinfo_status(
    const rocksdb_subcompactionjobinfo_t* info, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, info->rep.status);
}

const char* rocksdb_subcompactionjobinfo_cf_name(
    const rocksdb_subcompactionjobinfo_t* info, size_t* size) {
  *size = info->rep.cf_name.size();
  return info->rep.cf_name.data();
}

uint64_t rocksdb_subcompactionjobinfo_thread_id(
    const rocksdb_subcompactionjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.thread_id;
}

int rocksdb_subcompactionjobinfo_base_input_level(
    const rocksdb_subcompactionjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.base_input_level;
}

int rocksdb_subcompactionjobinfo_output_level(
    const rocksdb_subcompactionjobinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.output_level;
}

uint32_t rocksdb_subcompactionjobinfo_compaction_reason(
    const rocksdb_subcompactionjobinfo_t* info) {
  return static_cast<uint32_t>(info->rep.compaction_reason);
}

/* ExternalFileIngestionInfo */

const char* rocksdb_externalfileingestioninfo_cf_name(
    const rocksdb_externalfileingestioninfo_t* info, size_t* size) {
  *size = info->rep.cf_name.size();
  return info->rep.cf_name.data();
}

const char* rocksdb_externalfileingestioninfo_internal_file_path(
    const rocksdb_externalfileingestioninfo_t* info, size_t* size) {
  *size = info->rep.internal_file_path.size();
  return info->rep.internal_file_path.data();
}

/* External write stall info */
extern ROCKSDB_LIBRARY_API const char* rocksdb_writestallinfo_cf_name(
    const rocksdb_writestallinfo_t* info, size_t* size) {
  *size = info->rep.cf_name.size();
  return info->rep.cf_name.data();
}

const rocksdb_writestallcondition_t* rocksdb_writestallinfo_cur(
    const rocksdb_writestallinfo_t* info) {
  return reinterpret_cast<const rocksdb_writestallcondition_t*>(
      &info->rep.condition.cur);
}

const rocksdb_writestallcondition_t* rocksdb_writestallinfo_prev(
    const rocksdb_writestallinfo_t* info) {
  return reinterpret_cast<const rocksdb_writestallcondition_t*>(
      &info->rep.condition.prev);
}

const char* rocksdb_memtableinfo_cf_name(const rocksdb_memtableinfo_t* info,
                                         size_t* size) {
  *size = info->rep.cf_name.size();
  return info->rep.cf_name.data();
}

uint64_t rocksdb_memtableinfo_first_seqno(const rocksdb_memtableinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.first_seqno;
}
uint64_t rocksdb_memtableinfo_earliest_seqno(
    const rocksdb_memtableinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.earliest_seqno;
}
uint64_t rocksdb_memtableinfo_num_entries(const rocksdb_memtableinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.num_entries;
}
uint64_t rocksdb_memtableinfo_num_deletes(const rocksdb_memtableinfo_t* info) {
  return info->rep.num_deletes;
}

/* event listener */

struct rocksdb_eventlistener_t : public EventListener {
  void* state_{};
  void (*destructor_)(void*){};
  void (*on_flush_begin)(void*, rocksdb_t*, const rocksdb_flushjobinfo_t*){};
  void (*on_flush_completed)(void*, rocksdb_t*,
                             const rocksdb_flushjobinfo_t*){};
  void (*on_compaction_begin)(void*, rocksdb_t*,
                              const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t*){};
  void (*on_compaction_completed)(void*, rocksdb_t*,
                                  const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t*){};
  void (*on_subcompaction_begin)(void*,
                                 const rocksdb_subcompactionjobinfo_t*){};
  void (*on_subcompaction_completed)(void*,
                                     const rocksdb_subcompactionjobinfo_t*){};
  void (*on_external_file_ingested)(
      void*, rocksdb_t*, const rocksdb_externalfileingestioninfo_t*){};
  void (*on_background_error)(void*, uint32_t, rocksdb_status_ptr_t*){};
  void (*on_stall_conditions_changed)(void*, const rocksdb_writestallinfo_t*){};
  void (*on_memtable_sealed)(void*, const rocksdb_memtableinfo_t*){};

  rocksdb_eventlistener_t() = default;

  rocksdb_eventlistener_t(const rocksdb_eventlistener_t&) = delete;
  rocksdb_eventlistener_t& operator=(const rocksdb_eventlistener_t&) = delete;
  rocksdb_eventlistener_t(rocksdb_eventlistener_t&&) = delete;
  rocksdb_eventlistener_t& operator=(rocksdb_eventlistener_t&&) = delete;

  void OnFlushBegin(DB* db, const FlushJobInfo& info) override {
    rocksdb_t c_db = {db};
    on_flush_begin(state_, &c_db,
                   reinterpret_cast<const rocksdb_flushjobinfo_t*>(&info));
  }

  void OnFlushCompleted(DB* db, const FlushJobInfo& info) override {
    rocksdb_t c_db = {db};
    on_flush_completed(state_, &c_db,
                       reinterpret_cast<const rocksdb_flushjobinfo_t*>(&info));
  }

  void OnCompactionBegin(DB* db, const CompactionJobInfo& info) override {
    rocksdb_t c_db = {db};
    on_compaction_begin(
        state_, &c_db,
        reinterpret_cast<const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t*>(&info));
  }

  void OnCompactionCompleted(DB* db, const CompactionJobInfo& info) override {
    rocksdb_t c_db = {db};
    on_compaction_completed(
        state_, &c_db,
        reinterpret_cast<const rocksdb_compactionjobinfo_t*>(&info));
  }

  void OnSubcompactionBegin(const SubcompactionJobInfo& info) override {
    on_subcompaction_begin(
        state_, reinterpret_cast<const rocksdb_subcompactionjobinfo_t*>(&info));
  }

  void OnSubcompactionCompleted(const SubcompactionJobInfo& info) override {
    on_subcompaction_completed(
        state_, reinterpret_cast<const rocksdb_subcompactionjobinfo_t*>(&info));
  }

  void OnExternalFileIngested(DB* db,
                              const ExternalFileIngestionInfo& info) override {
    rocksdb_t c_db = {db};
    on_external_file_ingested(
        state_, &c_db,
        reinterpret_cast<const rocksdb_externalfileingestioninfo_t*>(&info));
  }

  void OnBackgroundError(BackgroundErrorReason reason,
                         Status* status) override {
    rocksdb_status_ptr_t* s = new rocksdb_status_ptr_t;
    s->rep = status;
    on_background_error(state_, static_cast<uint32_t>(reason), s);
    delete s;
  }

  void OnStallConditionsChanged(const WriteStallInfo& info) override {
    on_stall_conditions_changed(
        state_, reinterpret_cast<const rocksdb_writestallinfo_t*>(&info));
  }

  void OnMemTableSealed(const MemTableInfo& info) override {
    on_memtable_sealed(state_,
                       reinterpret_cast<const rocksdb_memtableinfo_t*>(&info));
  }

  ~rocksdb_eventlistener_t() override { destructor_(state_); }
};

rocksdb_eventlistener_t* rocksdb_eventlistener_create(
    void* state_, void (*destructor_)(void*), on_flush_begin_cb on_flush_begin,
    on_flush_completed_cb on_flush_completed,
    on_compaction_begin_cb on_compaction_begin,
    on_compaction_completed_cb on_compaction_completed,
    on_subcompaction_begin_cb on_subcompaction_begin,
    on_subcompaction_completed_cb on_subcompaction_completed,
    on_external_file_ingested_cb on_external_file_ingested,
    on_background_error_cb on_background_error,
    on_stall_conditions_changed_cb on_stall_conditions_changed,
    on_memtable_sealed_cb on_memtable_sealed) {
  rocksdb_eventlistener_t* et = new rocksdb_eventlistener_t;
  et->state_ = state_;
  et->destructor_ = destructor_;
  et->on_flush_begin = on_flush_begin;
  et->on_flush_completed = on_flush_completed;
  et->on_compaction_begin = on_compaction_begin;
  et->on_compaction_completed = on_compaction_completed;
  et->on_subcompaction_begin = on_subcompaction_begin;
  et->on_subcompaction_completed = on_subcompaction_completed;
  et->on_external_file_ingested = on_external_file_ingested;
  et->on_background_error = on_background_error;
  et->on_stall_conditions_changed = on_stall_conditions_changed;
  et->on_memtable_sealed = on_memtable_sealed;
  return et;
}

void rocksdb_eventlistener_destroy(rocksdb_eventlistener_t* t) { delete t; }

void rocksdb_options_add_eventlistener(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                       rocksdb_eventlistener_t* t) {
  opt->rep.listeners.emplace_back(std::shared_ptr<EventListener>(t));
}

void rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_add_event_listener(
    rocksdb_compaction_service_options_override_t* override_options,
    rocksdb_eventlistener_t* event_listener) {
  if (override_options && event_listener) {
    override_options->rep.listeners.emplace_back(
        std::shared_ptr<EventListener>(event_listener));
  }
}

rocksdb_cuckoo_table_options_t* rocksdb_cuckoo_options_create() {
  return new rocksdb_cuckoo_table_options_t;
}

void rocksdb_cuckoo_options_destroy(rocksdb_cuckoo_table_options_t* options) {
  delete options;
}

void rocksdb_cuckoo_options_set_hash_ratio(
    rocksdb_cuckoo_table_options_t* options, double v) {
  options->rep.hash_table_ratio = v;
}

void rocksdb_cuckoo_options_set_max_search_depth(
    rocksdb_cuckoo_table_options_t* options, uint32_t v) {
  options->rep.max_search_depth = v;
}

void rocksdb_cuckoo_options_set_cuckoo_block_size(
    rocksdb_cuckoo_table_options_t* options, uint32_t v) {
  options->rep.cuckoo_block_size = v;
}

void rocksdb_cuckoo_options_set_identity_as_first_hash(
    rocksdb_cuckoo_table_options_t* options, unsigned char v) {
  options->rep.identity_as_first_hash = v;
}

void rocksdb_cuckoo_options_set_use_module_hash(
    rocksdb_cuckoo_table_options_t* options, unsigned char v) {
  options->rep.use_module_hash = v;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_cuckoo_table_factory(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, rocksdb_cuckoo_table_options_t* table_options) {
  if (table_options) {
    opt->rep.table_factory.reset(
        ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::NewCuckooTableFactory(table_options->rep));
  }
}

void rocksdb_set_options(rocksdb_t* db, int count, const char* const keys[],
                         const char* const values[], char** errptr) {
  std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> options_map;
  for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    options_map[keys[i]] = values[i];
  }
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->SetOptions(options_map));
}

void rocksdb_set_options_cf(rocksdb_t* db,
                            rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* handle, int count,
                            const char* const keys[],
                            const char* const values[], char** errptr) {
  std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> options_map;
  for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    options_map[keys[i]] = values[i];
  }
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->SetOptions(handle->rep, options_map));
}

rocksdb_options_t* rocksdb_options_create() { return new rocksdb_options_t; }

void rocksdb_options_destroy(rocksdb_options_t* options) { delete options; }

rocksdb_options_t* rocksdb_options_create_copy(rocksdb_options_t* options) {
  return new rocksdb_options_t(*options);
}

void rocksdb_options_increase_parallelism(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                          int total_threads) {
  opt->rep.IncreaseParallelism(total_threads);
}

void rocksdb_options_optimize_for_point_lookup(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                               uint64_t block_cache_size_mb) {
  opt->rep.OptimizeForPointLookup(block_cache_size_mb);
}

void rocksdb_options_optimize_level_style_compaction(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, uint64_t memtable_memory_budget) {
  opt->rep.OptimizeLevelStyleCompaction(memtable_memory_budget);
}

void rocksdb_options_optimize_universal_style_compaction(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, uint64_t memtable_memory_budget) {
  opt->rep.OptimizeUniversalStyleCompaction(memtable_memory_budget);
}

void rocksdb_options_set_allow_ingest_behind(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                             unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.allow_ingest_behind = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_allow_ingest_behind(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.allow_ingest_behind;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_compaction_filter(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                           rocksdb_compactionfilter_t* filter) {
  opt->rep.compaction_filter = filter;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_compaction_filter_factory(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, rocksdb_compactionfilterfactory_t* factory) {
  opt->rep.compaction_filter_factory =
      std::shared_ptr<CompactionFilterFactory>(factory);
}

void rocksdb_options_compaction_readahead_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                               size_t s) {
  opt->rep.compaction_readahead_size = s;
}

size_t rocksdb_options_get_compaction_readahead_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.compaction_readahead_size;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_comparator(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                    rocksdb_comparator_t* cmp) {
  opt->rep.comparator = cmp;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_merge_operator(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, rocksdb_mergeoperator_t* merge_operator) {
  opt->rep.merge_operator = std::shared_ptr<MergeOperator>(merge_operator);
}

void rocksdb_options_set_create_if_missing(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                           unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.create_if_missing = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_create_if_missing(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.create_if_missing;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_create_missing_column_families(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                        unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.create_missing_column_families = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_create_missing_column_families(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.create_missing_column_families;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_error_if_exists(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                         unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.error_if_exists = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_error_if_exists(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.error_if_exists;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_paranoid_checks(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                         unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.paranoid_checks = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_paranoid_checks(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.paranoid_checks;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_open_files_async(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                          unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.open_files_async = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_open_files_async(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.open_files_async;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_db_paths(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                  const rocksdb_dbpath_t** dbpath_values,
                                  size_t num_paths) {
  std::vector<DbPath> db_paths(num_paths);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_paths; ++i) {
    db_paths[i] = dbpath_values[i]->rep;
  }
  opt->rep.db_paths = db_paths;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_cf_paths(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                  const rocksdb_dbpath_t** dbpath_values,
                                  size_t num_paths) {
  std::vector<DbPath> cf_paths(num_paths);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_paths; ++i) {
    cf_paths[i] = dbpath_values[i]->rep;
  }
  opt->rep.cf_paths = cf_paths;
}

rocksdb_logger_t* rocksdb_logger_create_stderr_logger(int log_level,
                                                      const char* prefix) {
  rocksdb_logger_t* logger = new rocksdb_logger_t;

  if (prefix) {
    logger->rep = std::make_shared<StderrLogger>(
        static_cast<InfoLogLevel>(log_level), prefix);
  } else {
    logger->rep =
        std::make_shared<StderrLogger>(static_cast<InfoLogLevel>(log_level));
  }

  return logger;
}

rocksdb_logger_t* rocksdb_logger_create_callback_logger(
    int log_level, void (*callback)(void*, unsigned, char*, size_t),
    void* priv) {
  rocksdb_logger_t* logger = new rocksdb_logger_t;
  logger->rep = std::make_shared<rocksdb_callback_logger_t>(
      static_cast<InfoLogLevel>(log_level), callback, priv);
  return logger;
}

void rocksdb_logger_destroy(rocksdb_logger_t* logger) { delete logger; }

/* File Checksum Gen Factory */

rocksdb_file_checksum_gen_factory_t*
rocksdb_file_checksum_gen_crc32c_factory_create() {
  rocksdb_file_checksum_gen_factory_t* factory =
      new rocksdb_file_checksum_gen_factory_t;
  factory->rep = GetFileChecksumGenCrc32cFactory();
  return factory;
}

void rocksdb_file_checksum_gen_factory_destroy(
    rocksdb_file_checksum_gen_factory_t* factory) {
  delete factory;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_file_checksum_gen_factory(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, rocksdb_file_checksum_gen_factory_t* factory) {
  if (opt && factory) {
    opt->rep.file_checksum_gen_factory = factory->rep;
  }
}

/* SST Partitioner Factory */

rocksdb_sst_partitioner_factory_t*
rocksdb_sst_partitioner_fixed_prefix_factory_create(size_t prefix_len) {
  rocksdb_sst_partitioner_factory_t* factory =
      new rocksdb_sst_partitioner_factory_t;
  factory->rep = NewSstPartitionerFixedPrefixFactory(prefix_len);
  return factory;
}

void rocksdb_sst_partitioner_factory_destroy(
    rocksdb_sst_partitioner_factory_t* factory) {
  delete factory;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_sst_partitioner_factory(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, rocksdb_sst_partitioner_factory_t* factory) {
  if (opt && factory) {
    opt->rep.sst_partitioner_factory = factory->rep;
  }
}

/* Table Properties Collector Factory */

void rocksdb_table_properties_collector_factory_destroy(
    rocksdb_table_properties_collector_factory_t* factory) {
  delete factory;
}

void rocksdb_options_add_table_properties_collector_factory(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt,
    rocksdb_table_properties_collector_factory_t* factory) {
  if (opt && factory) {
    opt->rep.table_properties_collector_factories.push_back(factory->rep);
  }
}

void rocksdb_options_set_env(rocksdb_options_t* opt, rocksdb_env_t* env) {
  opt->rep.env = (env ? env->rep : nullptr);
}

void rocksdb_options_set_info_log(rocksdb_options_t* opt, rocksdb_logger_t* l) {
  if (l) {
    opt->rep.info_log = l->rep;
  }
}

rocksdb_logger_t* rocksdb_options_get_info_log(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  rocksdb_logger_t* info_log = new rocksdb_logger_t;
  info_log->rep = opt->rep.info_log;
  return info_log;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_info_log_level(rocksdb_options_t* opt, int v) {
  opt->rep.info_log_level = static_cast<InfoLogLevel>(v);
}

int rocksdb_options_get_info_log_level(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return static_cast<int>(opt->rep.info_log_level);
}

void rocksdb_options_set_db_write_buffer_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                              size_t s) {
  opt->rep.db_write_buffer_size = s;
}

size_t rocksdb_options_get_db_write_buffer_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.db_write_buffer_size;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_write_buffer_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt, size_t s) {
  opt->rep.write_buffer_size = s;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_write_buffer_manager(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_t* wbm) {
  opt->rep.write_buffer_manager = wbm->rep;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_sst_file_manager(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                          rocksdb_sst_file_manager_t* sfm) {
  opt->rep.sst_file_manager = sfm->rep;
}

size_t rocksdb_options_get_write_buffer_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.write_buffer_size;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_open_files(rocksdb_options_t* opt, int n) {
  opt->rep.max_open_files = n;
}

int rocksdb_options_get_max_open_files(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_open_files;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_file_opening_threads(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                  int n) {
  opt->rep.max_file_opening_threads = n;
}

int rocksdb_options_get_max_file_opening_threads(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_file_opening_threads;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_total_wal_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                            uint64_t n) {
  opt->rep.max_total_wal_size = n;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_max_total_wal_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_total_wal_size;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_target_file_size_base(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                               uint64_t n) {
  opt->rep.target_file_size_base = n;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_target_file_size_base(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.target_file_size_base;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_target_file_size_multiplier(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                     int n) {
  opt->rep.target_file_size_multiplier = n;
}

int rocksdb_options_get_target_file_size_multiplier(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.target_file_size_multiplier;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_bytes_for_level_base(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                  uint64_t n) {
  opt->rep.max_bytes_for_level_base = n;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_max_bytes_for_level_base(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_bytes_for_level_base;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                        double n) {
  opt->rep.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier = n;
}

double rocksdb_options_get_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_compaction_bytes(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                              uint64_t n) {
  opt->rep.max_compaction_bytes = n;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_max_compaction_bytes(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_compaction_bytes;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, int* level_values, size_t num_levels) {
  opt->rep.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional.resize(num_levels);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_levels; ++i) {
    opt->rep.max_bytes_for_level_multiplier_additional[i] = level_values[i];
  }
}

void rocksdb_options_set_ttl(rocksdb_options_t* opt, uint64_t seconds) {
  opt->rep.ttl = seconds;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_ttl(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.ttl;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_periodic_compaction_seconds(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                     uint64_t seconds) {
  opt->rep.periodic_compaction_seconds = seconds;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_periodic_compaction_seconds(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.periodic_compaction_seconds;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_memtable_op_scan_flush_trigger(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                        uint32_t n) {
  opt->rep.memtable_op_scan_flush_trigger = n;
}

uint32_t rocksdb_options_get_memtable_op_scan_flush_trigger(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.memtable_op_scan_flush_trigger;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_memtable_avg_op_scan_flush_trigger(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, uint32_t n) {
  opt->rep.memtable_avg_op_scan_flush_trigger = n;
}

uint32_t rocksdb_options_get_memtable_avg_op_scan_flush_trigger(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.memtable_avg_op_scan_flush_trigger;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_min_tombstones_for_range_conversion(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, uint32_t n) {
  opt->rep.min_tombstones_for_range_conversion = n;
}

uint32_t rocksdb_options_get_min_tombstones_for_range_conversion(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.min_tombstones_for_range_conversion;
}

void rocksdb_options_enable_statistics(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  opt->rep.statistics = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CreateDBStatistics();
}

void rocksdb_options_set_statistics_level(rocksdb_options_t* opt, int level) {
  if (!opt->rep.statistics) {
    return;
  }

  if (level < rocksdb_statistics_level_disable_all) {
    level = rocksdb_statistics_level_disable_all;
  }
  if (level > rocksdb_statistics_level_all) {
    level = rocksdb_statistics_level_all;
  }
  opt->rep.statistics->set_stats_level(
      static_cast<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::StatsLevel>(level));
}

int rocksdb_options_get_statistics_level(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  if (!opt->rep.statistics) {
    return ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::StatsLevel::kDisableAll;
  }

  return static_cast<int>(opt->rep.statistics->get_stats_level());
}

void rocksdb_options_set_skip_stats_update_on_db_open(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                      unsigned char val) {
  opt->rep.skip_stats_update_on_db_open = val;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_skip_stats_update_on_db_open(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.skip_stats_update_on_db_open;
}

/* Blob Options Settings */
void rocksdb_options_set_enable_blob_files(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                           unsigned char val) {
  opt->rep.enable_blob_files = val;
}
ROCKSDB_LIBRARY_API unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_enable_blob_files(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.enable_blob_files;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_min_blob_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt, uint64_t val) {
  opt->rep.min_blob_size = val;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_min_blob_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.min_blob_size;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_blob_file_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt, uint64_t val) {
  opt->rep.blob_file_size = val;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_blob_file_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.blob_file_size;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_blob_compression_type(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                               int val) {
  opt->rep.blob_compression_type = static_cast<CompressionType>(val);
}

int rocksdb_options_get_blob_compression_type(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.blob_compression_type;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_enable_blob_gc(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                        unsigned char val) {
  opt->rep.enable_blob_garbage_collection = val;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_enable_blob_gc(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.enable_blob_garbage_collection;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_blob_gc_age_cutoff(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                            double val) {
  opt->rep.blob_garbage_collection_age_cutoff = val;
}

double rocksdb_options_get_blob_gc_age_cutoff(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.blob_garbage_collection_age_cutoff;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_blob_gc_force_threshold(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                 double val) {
  opt->rep.blob_garbage_collection_force_threshold = val;
}

double rocksdb_options_get_blob_gc_force_threshold(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.blob_garbage_collection_force_threshold;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_read_triggered_compaction_threshold(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, double val) {
  opt->rep.read_triggered_compaction_threshold = val;
}

double rocksdb_options_get_read_triggered_compaction_threshold(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.read_triggered_compaction_threshold;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_compaction_trigger_wakeup_seconds(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, uint64_t val) {
  opt->rep.max_compaction_trigger_wakeup_seconds = val;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_max_compaction_trigger_wakeup_seconds(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_compaction_trigger_wakeup_seconds;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_blob_compaction_readahead_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                        uint64_t val) {
  opt->rep.blob_compaction_readahead_size = val;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_blob_compaction_readahead_size(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.blob_compaction_readahead_size;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_blob_file_starting_level(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                  int val) {
  opt->rep.blob_file_starting_level = val;
}

int rocksdb_options_get_blob_file_starting_level(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.blob_file_starting_level;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_blob_cache(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                    rocksdb_cache_t* blob_cache) {
  opt->rep.blob_cache = blob_cache->rep;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_prepopulate_blob_cache(rocksdb_options_t* opt, int t) {
  opt->rep.prepopulate_blob_cache = static_cast<PrepopulateBlobCache>(t);
}

int rocksdb_options_get_prepopulate_blob_cache(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return static_cast<int>(opt->rep.prepopulate_blob_cache);
}

void rocksdb_options_set_num_levels(rocksdb_options_t* opt, int n) {
  opt->rep.num_levels = n;
}

int rocksdb_options_get_num_levels(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.num_levels;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_level0_file_num_compaction_trigger(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, int n) {
  opt->rep.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger = n;
}

int rocksdb_options_get_level0_file_num_compaction_trigger(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.level0_file_num_compaction_trigger;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_level0_slowdown_writes_trigger(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                        int n) {
  opt->rep.level0_slowdown_writes_trigger = n;
}

int rocksdb_options_get_level0_slowdown_writes_trigger(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.level0_slowdown_writes_trigger;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_level0_stop_writes_trigger(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                    int n) {
  opt->rep.level0_stop_writes_trigger = n;
}

int rocksdb_options_get_level0_stop_writes_trigger(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.level0_stop_writes_trigger;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_wal_recovery_mode(rocksdb_options_t* opt, int mode) {
  opt->rep.wal_recovery_mode = static_cast<WALRecoveryMode>(mode);
}

int rocksdb_options_get_wal_recovery_mode(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return static_cast<int>(opt->rep.wal_recovery_mode);
}

void rocksdb_options_set_compression(rocksdb_options_t* opt, int t) {
  opt->rep.compression = static_cast<CompressionType>(t);
}

int rocksdb_options_get_compression(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.compression;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_bottommost_compression(rocksdb_options_t* opt, int t) {
  opt->rep.bottommost_compression = static_cast<CompressionType>(t);
}

int rocksdb_options_get_bottommost_compression(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.bottommost_compression;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_compression_per_level(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                               const int* level_values,
                                               size_t num_levels) {
  opt->rep.compression_per_level.resize(num_levels);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_levels; ++i) {
    opt->rep.compression_per_level[i] =
        static_cast<CompressionType>(level_values[i]);
  }
}

void rocksdb_options_set_bottommost_compression_options(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                        int w_bits, int level,
                                                        int strategy,
                                                        int max_dict_bytes,
                                                        unsigned char enabled) {
  opt->rep.bottommost_compression_opts.window_bits = w_bits;
  opt->rep.bottommost_compression_opts.level = level;
  opt->rep.bottommost_compression_opts.strategy = strategy;
  opt->rep.bottommost_compression_opts.max_dict_bytes = max_dict_bytes;
  opt->rep.bottommost_compression_opts.enabled = enabled;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_bottommost_compression_options_zstd_max_train_bytes(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, int zstd_max_train_bytes, unsigned char enabled) {
  opt->rep.bottommost_compression_opts.zstd_max_train_bytes =
      zstd_max_train_bytes;
  opt->rep.bottommost_compression_opts.enabled = enabled;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_bottommost_compression_options_use_zstd_dict_trainer(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, unsigned char use_zstd_dict_trainer,
    unsigned char enabled) {
  opt->rep.bottommost_compression_opts.use_zstd_dict_trainer =
      use_zstd_dict_trainer;
  opt->rep.bottommost_compression_opts.enabled = enabled;
}

unsigned char
rocksdb_options_get_bottommost_compression_options_use_zstd_dict_trainer(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.bottommost_compression_opts.use_zstd_dict_trainer;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_bottommost_compression_options_max_dict_buffer_bytes(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, uint64_t max_dict_buffer_bytes,
    unsigned char enabled) {
  opt->rep.bottommost_compression_opts.max_dict_buffer_bytes =
      max_dict_buffer_bytes;
  opt->rep.bottommost_compression_opts.enabled = enabled;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_compression_options(rocksdb_options_t* opt, int w_bits,
                                             int level, int strategy,
                                             int max_dict_bytes) {
  opt->rep.compression_opts.window_bits = w_bits;
  opt->rep.compression_opts.level = level;
  opt->rep.compression_opts.strategy = strategy;
  opt->rep.compression_opts.max_dict_bytes = max_dict_bytes;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_compression_options_zstd_max_train_bytes(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, int zstd_max_train_bytes) {
  opt->rep.compression_opts.zstd_max_train_bytes = zstd_max_train_bytes;
}

int rocksdb_options_get_compression_options_zstd_max_train_bytes(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.compression_opts.zstd_max_train_bytes;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_compression_options_use_zstd_dict_trainer(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, unsigned char use_zstd_dict_trainer) {
  opt->rep.compression_opts.use_zstd_dict_trainer = use_zstd_dict_trainer;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_compression_options_use_zstd_dict_trainer(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.compression_opts.use_zstd_dict_trainer;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_compression_options_parallel_threads(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, int value) {
  opt->rep.compression_opts.parallel_threads = value;
}

int rocksdb_options_get_compression_options_parallel_threads(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.compression_opts.parallel_threads;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_compression_options_max_dict_buffer_bytes(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, uint64_t max_dict_buffer_bytes) {
  opt->rep.compression_opts.max_dict_buffer_bytes = max_dict_buffer_bytes;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_compression_options_max_dict_buffer_bytes(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.compression_opts.max_dict_buffer_bytes;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_prefix_extractor(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, rocksdb_slicetransform_t* prefix_extractor) {
  opt->rep.prefix_extractor.reset(prefix_extractor);
}

void rocksdb_options_set_use_fsync(rocksdb_options_t* opt, int use_fsync) {
  opt->rep.use_fsync = use_fsync;
}

int rocksdb_options_get_use_fsync(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.use_fsync;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_db_log_dir(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                    const char* db_log_dir) {
  opt->rep.db_log_dir = db_log_dir;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_wal_dir(rocksdb_options_t* opt, const char* v) {
  opt->rep.wal_dir = v;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_WAL_ttl_seconds(rocksdb_options_t* opt, uint64_t ttl) {
  opt->rep.WAL_ttl_seconds = ttl;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_WAL_ttl_seconds(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.WAL_ttl_seconds;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_WAL_size_limit_MB(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                           uint64_t limit) {
  opt->rep.WAL_size_limit_MB = limit;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_WAL_size_limit_MB(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.WAL_size_limit_MB;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_manifest_preallocation_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                     size_t v) {
  opt->rep.manifest_preallocation_size = v;
}

size_t rocksdb_options_get_manifest_preallocation_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.manifest_preallocation_size;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_use_direct_reads(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                          unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.use_direct_reads = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_use_direct_reads(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.use_direct_reads;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_allow_mmap_reads(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                          unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.allow_mmap_reads = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_allow_mmap_reads(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.allow_mmap_reads;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_allow_mmap_writes(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                           unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.allow_mmap_writes = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_allow_mmap_writes(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.allow_mmap_writes;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_is_fd_close_on_exec(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                             unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.is_fd_close_on_exec = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_is_fd_close_on_exec(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.is_fd_close_on_exec;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_stats_dump_period_sec(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                               unsigned int v) {
  opt->rep.stats_dump_period_sec = v;
}

unsigned int rocksdb_options_get_stats_dump_period_sec(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.stats_dump_period_sec;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_stats_persist_period_sec(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                  unsigned int v) {
  opt->rep.stats_persist_period_sec = v;
}

unsigned int rocksdb_options_get_stats_persist_period_sec(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.stats_persist_period_sec;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_advise_random_on_open(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                               unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.advise_random_on_open = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_advise_random_on_open(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.advise_random_on_open;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_use_adaptive_mutex(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                            unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.use_adaptive_mutex = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_use_adaptive_mutex(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.use_adaptive_mutex;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_wal_bytes_per_sync(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                            uint64_t v) {
  opt->rep.wal_bytes_per_sync = v;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_wal_bytes_per_sync(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.wal_bytes_per_sync;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_bytes_per_sync(rocksdb_options_t* opt, uint64_t v) {
  opt->rep.bytes_per_sync = v;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_bytes_per_sync(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.bytes_per_sync;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_writable_file_max_buffer_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                       uint64_t v) {
  opt->rep.writable_file_max_buffer_size = static_cast<size_t>(v);
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_writable_file_max_buffer_size(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.writable_file_max_buffer_size;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_allow_concurrent_memtable_write(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                         unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.allow_concurrent_memtable_write = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_allow_concurrent_memtable_write(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.allow_concurrent_memtable_write;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_enable_write_thread_adaptive_yield(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.enable_write_thread_adaptive_yield = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_enable_write_thread_adaptive_yield(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.enable_write_thread_adaptive_yield;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_sequential_skip_in_iterations(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, uint64_t v) {
  opt->rep.max_sequential_skip_in_iterations = v;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_max_sequential_skip_in_iterations(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_sequential_skip_in_iterations;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_write_buffer_number(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                 int n) {
  opt->rep.max_write_buffer_number = n;
}

int rocksdb_options_get_max_write_buffer_number(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_write_buffer_number;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_min_write_buffer_number_to_merge(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, int n) {
  opt->rep.min_write_buffer_number_to_merge = n;
}

int rocksdb_options_get_min_write_buffer_number_to_merge(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.min_write_buffer_number_to_merge;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_write_buffer_size_to_maintain(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, int64_t n) {
  opt->rep.max_write_buffer_size_to_maintain = n;
}

int64_t rocksdb_options_get_max_write_buffer_size_to_maintain(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_write_buffer_size_to_maintain;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_enable_pipelined_write(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.enable_pipelined_write = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_enable_pipelined_write(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.enable_pipelined_write;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_unordered_write(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                         unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.unordered_write = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_unordered_write(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.unordered_write;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_subcompactions(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                            uint32_t n) {
  opt->rep.max_subcompactions = n;
}

uint32_t rocksdb_options_get_max_subcompactions(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_subcompactions;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_background_jobs(rocksdb_options_t* opt, int n) {
  opt->rep.max_background_jobs = n;
}

int rocksdb_options_get_max_background_jobs(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_background_jobs;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_background_compactions(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                    int n) {
  opt->rep.max_background_compactions = n;
}

int rocksdb_options_get_max_background_compactions(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_background_compactions;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_background_flushes(rocksdb_options_t* opt, int n) {
  opt->rep.max_background_flushes = n;
}

int rocksdb_options_get_max_background_flushes(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_background_flushes;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_experimental_mempurge_threshold(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                         double v) {
  opt->rep.experimental_mempurge_threshold = v;
}

double rocksdb_options_get_experimental_mempurge_threshold(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.experimental_mempurge_threshold;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_log_file_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt, size_t v) {
  opt->rep.max_log_file_size = v;
}

size_t rocksdb_options_get_max_log_file_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_log_file_size;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_log_file_time_to_roll(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                               size_t v) {
  opt->rep.log_file_time_to_roll = v;
}

size_t rocksdb_options_get_log_file_time_to_roll(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.log_file_time_to_roll;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_keep_log_file_num(rocksdb_options_t* opt, size_t v) {
  opt->rep.keep_log_file_num = v;
}

size_t rocksdb_options_get_keep_log_file_num(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.keep_log_file_num;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_recycle_log_file_num(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                              size_t v) {
  opt->rep.recycle_log_file_num = v;
}

size_t rocksdb_options_get_recycle_log_file_num(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.recycle_log_file_num;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_soft_pending_compaction_bytes_limit(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, size_t v) {
  opt->rep.soft_pending_compaction_bytes_limit = v;
}

size_t rocksdb_options_get_soft_pending_compaction_bytes_limit(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.soft_pending_compaction_bytes_limit;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_hard_pending_compaction_bytes_limit(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, size_t v) {
  opt->rep.hard_pending_compaction_bytes_limit = v;
}

size_t rocksdb_options_get_hard_pending_compaction_bytes_limit(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.hard_pending_compaction_bytes_limit;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_manifest_file_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                size_t v) {
  opt->rep.max_manifest_file_size = v;
}

size_t rocksdb_options_get_max_manifest_file_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_manifest_file_size;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_table_cache_numshardbits(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                  int v) {
  opt->rep.table_cache_numshardbits = v;
}

int rocksdb_options_get_table_cache_numshardbits(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.table_cache_numshardbits;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_arena_block_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt, size_t v) {
  opt->rep.arena_block_size = v;
}

size_t rocksdb_options_get_arena_block_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.arena_block_size;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_disable_auto_compactions(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                  int disable) {
  opt->rep.disable_auto_compactions = disable;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_disable_auto_compactions(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.disable_auto_compactions;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_optimize_filters_for_hits(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                   int v) {
  opt->rep.optimize_filters_for_hits = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_optimize_filters_for_hits(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.optimize_filters_for_hits;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_delete_obsolete_files_period_micros(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, uint64_t v) {
  opt->rep.delete_obsolete_files_period_micros = v;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_get_delete_obsolete_files_period_micros(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.delete_obsolete_files_period_micros;
}

void rocksdb_options_prepare_for_bulk_load(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  opt->rep.PrepareForBulkLoad();
}

void rocksdb_options_set_memtable_vector_rep(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  opt->rep.memtable_factory.reset(new ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::VectorRepFactory);
}

void rocksdb_options_set_memtable_prefix_bloom_size_ratio(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, double v) {
  opt->rep.memtable_prefix_bloom_size_ratio = v;
}

double rocksdb_options_get_memtable_prefix_bloom_size_ratio(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.memtable_prefix_bloom_size_ratio;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_memtable_huge_page_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                 size_t v) {
  opt->rep.memtable_huge_page_size = v;
}

size_t rocksdb_options_get_memtable_huge_page_size(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.memtable_huge_page_size;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_hash_skip_list_rep(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                            size_t bucket_count,
                                            int32_t skiplist_height,
                                            int32_t skiplist_branching_factor) {
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::MemTableRepFactory* factory =
      ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::NewHashSkipListRepFactory(
          bucket_count, skiplist_height, skiplist_branching_factor);
  opt->rep.memtable_factory.reset(factory);
}

void rocksdb_options_set_hash_link_list_rep(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                            size_t bucket_count) {
  opt->rep.memtable_factory.reset(
      ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::NewHashLinkListRepFactory(bucket_count));
}

void rocksdb_options_set_plain_table_factory(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, uint32_t user_key_len, int bloom_bits_per_key,
    double hash_table_ratio, size_t index_sparseness, size_t huge_page_tlb_size,
    char encoding_type, unsigned char full_scan_mode,
    unsigned char store_index_in_file) {
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::PlainTableOptions options;
  options.user_key_len = user_key_len;
  options.bloom_bits_per_key = bloom_bits_per_key;
  options.hash_table_ratio = hash_table_ratio;
  options.index_sparseness = index_sparseness;
  options.huge_page_tlb_size = huge_page_tlb_size;
  options.encoding_type =
      static_cast<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::EncodingType>(encoding_type);
  options.full_scan_mode = full_scan_mode;
  options.store_index_in_file = store_index_in_file;

  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::TableFactory* factory =
      ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::NewPlainTableFactory(options);
  opt->rep.table_factory.reset(factory);
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_write_dbid_to_manifest(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.write_dbid_to_manifest;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_write_dbid_to_manifest(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, unsigned char write_dbid_to_manifest) {
  opt->rep.write_dbid_to_manifest = write_dbid_to_manifest;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_write_identity_file(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.write_identity_file;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_write_identity_file(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, unsigned char write_identity_file) {
  opt->rep.write_identity_file = write_identity_file;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, unsigned char track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest) {
  opt->rep.track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest =
      track_and_verify_wals_in_manifest;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_max_successive_merges(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                               size_t v) {
  opt->rep.max_successive_merges = v;
}

size_t rocksdb_options_get_max_successive_merges(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_successive_merges;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_bloom_locality(rocksdb_options_t* opt, uint32_t v) {
  opt->rep.bloom_locality = v;
}

uint32_t rocksdb_options_get_bloom_locality(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.bloom_locality;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_inplace_update_support(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.inplace_update_support = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_inplace_update_support(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.inplace_update_support;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_inplace_update_num_locks(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                  size_t v) {
  opt->rep.inplace_update_num_locks = v;
}

size_t rocksdb_options_get_inplace_update_num_locks(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.inplace_update_num_locks;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_report_bg_io_stats(rocksdb_options_t* opt, int v) {
  opt->rep.report_bg_io_stats = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_report_bg_io_stats(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.report_bg_io_stats;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_compaction_style(rocksdb_options_t* opt, int style) {
  opt->rep.compaction_style =
      static_cast<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionStyle>(style);
}

int rocksdb_options_get_compaction_style(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.compaction_style;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_universal_compaction_options(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t* uco) {
  opt->rep.compaction_options_universal = *(uco->rep);
}

void rocksdb_options_set_fifo_compaction_options(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_t* fifo) {
  opt->rep.compaction_options_fifo = fifo->rep;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_compaction_pri(rocksdb_options_t* opt, int pri) {
  opt->rep.compaction_pri = static_cast<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionPri>(pri);
}

int rocksdb_options_get_compaction_pri(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.compaction_pri;
}

char* rocksdb_options_statistics_get_string(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Statistics* statistics = opt->rep.statistics.get();
  if (statistics) {
    return strdup(statistics->ToString().c_str());
  }
  return nullptr;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_options_statistics_get_ticker_count(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                     uint32_t ticker_type) {
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Statistics* statistics = opt->rep.statistics.get();
  if (statistics) {
    return statistics->getTickerCount(ticker_type);
  }
  return 0;
}

void rocksdb_options_statistics_get_histogram_data(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, uint32_t type,
    rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_t* const data) {
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::Statistics* statistics = opt->rep.statistics.get();
  if (statistics) {
    statistics->histogramData(type, &data->rep);
  } else {
    *data = rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_t{};
  }
}

void rocksdb_options_set_ratelimiter(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                     rocksdb_ratelimiter_t* limiter) {
  if (limiter) {
    opt->rep.rate_limiter = limiter->rep;
  }
}

void rocksdb_options_set_atomic_flush(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                      unsigned char atomic_flush) {
  opt->rep.atomic_flush = atomic_flush;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_atomic_flush(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.atomic_flush;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_manual_wal_flush(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                          unsigned char manual_wal_flush) {
  opt->rep.manual_wal_flush = manual_wal_flush;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_manual_wal_flush(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.manual_wal_flush;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_wal_compression(rocksdb_options_t* opt, int val) {
  opt->rep.wal_compression = static_cast<CompressionType>(val);
}

int rocksdb_options_get_wal_compression(rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.wal_compression;
}

rocksdb_ratelimiter_t* rocksdb_ratelimiter_create(int64_t rate_bytes_per_sec,
                                                  int64_t refill_period_us,
                                                  int32_t fairness) {
  rocksdb_ratelimiter_t* rate_limiter = new rocksdb_ratelimiter_t;
  rate_limiter->rep.reset(
      NewGenericRateLimiter(rate_bytes_per_sec, refill_period_us, fairness));
  return rate_limiter;
}

rocksdb_ratelimiter_t* rocksdb_ratelimiter_create_auto_tuned(
    int64_t rate_bytes_per_sec, int64_t refill_period_us, int32_t fairness) {
  rocksdb_ratelimiter_t* rate_limiter = new rocksdb_ratelimiter_t;
  rate_limiter->rep.reset(NewGenericRateLimiter(rate_bytes_per_sec,
                                                refill_period_us, fairness,
                                                RateLimiter::Mode::kWritesOnly,
                                                true));  // auto_tuned
  return rate_limiter;
}

rocksdb_ratelimiter_t* rocksdb_ratelimiter_create_with_mode(
    int64_t rate_bytes_per_sec, int64_t refill_period_us, int32_t fairness,
    int mode, bool auto_tuned) {
  rocksdb_ratelimiter_t* rate_limiter = new rocksdb_ratelimiter_t;
  rate_limiter->rep.reset(
      NewGenericRateLimiter(rate_bytes_per_sec, refill_period_us, fairness,
                            static_cast<RateLimiter::Mode>(mode), auto_tuned));
  return rate_limiter;
}

void rocksdb_ratelimiter_destroy(rocksdb_ratelimiter_t* limiter) {
  delete limiter;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_row_cache(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                   rocksdb_cache_t* cache) {
  if (cache) {
    opt->rep.row_cache = cache->rep;
  }
}

void rocksdb_options_add_compact_on_deletion_collector_factory(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, size_t window_size, size_t num_dels_trigger) {
  std::shared_ptr<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::TablePropertiesCollectorFactory>
      compact_on_del =
          NewCompactOnDeletionCollectorFactory(window_size, num_dels_trigger);
  opt->rep.table_properties_collector_factories.emplace_back(compact_on_del);
}

void rocksdb_options_add_compact_on_deletion_collector_factory_del_ratio(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, size_t window_size, size_t num_dels_trigger,
    double deletion_ratio) {
  std::shared_ptr<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::TablePropertiesCollectorFactory>
      compact_on_del = NewCompactOnDeletionCollectorFactory(
          window_size, num_dels_trigger, deletion_ratio);
  opt->rep.table_properties_collector_factories.emplace_back(compact_on_del);
}

void rocksdb_options_add_compact_on_deletion_collector_factory_min_file_size(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt, size_t window_size, size_t num_dels_trigger,
    double deletion_ratio, uint64_t min_file_size) {
  std::shared_ptr<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::TablePropertiesCollectorFactory>
      compact_on_del = NewCompactOnDeletionCollectorFactory(
          window_size, num_dels_trigger, deletion_ratio, min_file_size);
  opt->rep.table_properties_collector_factories.emplace_back(compact_on_del);
}

void rocksdb_set_perf_level(int v) {
  PerfLevel level = static_cast<PerfLevel>(v);
  SetPerfLevel(level);
}

rocksdb_perfcontext_t* rocksdb_perfcontext_create() {
  rocksdb_perfcontext_t* context = new rocksdb_perfcontext_t;
  context->rep = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::get_perf_context();
  return context;
}

void rocksdb_perfcontext_reset(rocksdb_perfcontext_t* context) {
  context->rep->Reset();
}

char* rocksdb_perfcontext_report(rocksdb_perfcontext_t* context,
                                 unsigned char exclude_zero_counters) {
  return strdup(context->rep->ToString(exclude_zero_counters).c_str());
}

uint64_t rocksdb_perfcontext_metric(rocksdb_perfcontext_t* context,
                                    int metric) {
  PerfContext* rep = context->rep;
  switch (metric) {
    case rocksdb_user_key_comparison_count:
      return rep->user_key_comparison_count;
    case rocksdb_block_cache_hit_count:
      return rep->block_cache_hit_count;
    case rocksdb_block_read_count:
      return rep->block_read_count;
    case rocksdb_block_read_byte:
      return rep->block_read_byte;
    case rocksdb_block_read_time:
      return rep->block_read_time;
    case rocksdb_block_checksum_time:
      return rep->block_checksum_time;
    case rocksdb_block_decompress_time:
      return rep->block_decompress_time;
    case rocksdb_get_read_bytes:
      return rep->get_read_bytes;
    case rocksdb_multiget_read_bytes:
      return rep->multiget_read_bytes;
    case rocksdb_iter_read_bytes:
      return rep->iter_read_bytes;
    case rocksdb_internal_key_skipped_count:
      return rep->internal_key_skipped_count;
    case rocksdb_internal_delete_skipped_count:
      return rep->internal_delete_skipped_count;
    case rocksdb_internal_recent_skipped_count:
      return rep->internal_recent_skipped_count;
    case rocksdb_internal_merge_count:
      return rep->internal_merge_count;
    case rocksdb_internal_merge_point_lookup_count:
      return rep->internal_merge_point_lookup_count;
    case rocksdb_get_snapshot_time:
      return rep->get_snapshot_time;
    case rocksdb_get_from_memtable_time:
      return rep->get_from_memtable_time;
    case rocksdb_get_from_memtable_count:
      return rep->get_from_memtable_count;
    case rocksdb_get_post_process_time:
      return rep->get_post_process_time;
    case rocksdb_get_from_output_files_time:
      return rep->get_from_output_files_time;
    case rocksdb_seek_on_memtable_time:
      return rep->seek_on_memtable_time;
    case rocksdb_seek_on_memtable_count:
      return rep->seek_on_memtable_count;
    case rocksdb_next_on_memtable_count:
      return rep->next_on_memtable_count;
    case rocksdb_prev_on_memtable_count:
      return rep->prev_on_memtable_count;
    case rocksdb_seek_child_seek_time:
      return rep->seek_child_seek_time;
    case rocksdb_seek_child_seek_count:
      return rep->seek_child_seek_count;
    case rocksdb_seek_min_heap_time:
      return rep->seek_min_heap_time;
    case rocksdb_seek_max_heap_time:
      return rep->seek_max_heap_time;
    case rocksdb_seek_internal_seek_time:
      return rep->seek_internal_seek_time;
    case rocksdb_find_next_user_entry_time:
      return rep->find_next_user_entry_time;
    case rocksdb_write_wal_time:
      return rep->write_wal_time;
    case rocksdb_write_memtable_time:
      return rep->write_memtable_time;
    case rocksdb_write_delay_time:
      return rep->write_delay_time;
    case rocksdb_write_pre_and_post_process_time:
      return rep->write_pre_and_post_process_time;
    case rocksdb_db_mutex_lock_nanos:
      return rep->db_mutex_lock_nanos;
    case rocksdb_db_condition_wait_nanos:
      return rep->db_condition_wait_nanos;
    case rocksdb_merge_operator_time_nanos:
      return rep->merge_operator_time_nanos;
    case rocksdb_read_index_block_nanos:
      return rep->read_index_block_nanos;
    case rocksdb_read_filter_block_nanos:
      return rep->read_filter_block_nanos;
    case rocksdb_new_table_block_iter_nanos:
      return rep->new_table_block_iter_nanos;
    case rocksdb_new_table_iterator_nanos:
      return rep->new_table_iterator_nanos;
    case rocksdb_block_seek_nanos:
      return rep->block_seek_nanos;
    case rocksdb_find_table_nanos:
      return rep->find_table_nanos;
    case rocksdb_bloom_memtable_hit_count:
      return rep->bloom_memtable_hit_count;
    case rocksdb_bloom_memtable_miss_count:
      return rep->bloom_memtable_miss_count;
    case rocksdb_bloom_sst_hit_count:
      return rep->bloom_sst_hit_count;
    case rocksdb_bloom_sst_miss_count:
      return rep->bloom_sst_miss_count;
    case rocksdb_key_lock_wait_time:
      return rep->key_lock_wait_time;
    case rocksdb_key_lock_wait_count:
      return rep->key_lock_wait_count;
    case rocksdb_env_new_sequential_file_nanos:
      return rep->env_new_sequential_file_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_new_random_access_file_nanos:
      return rep->env_new_random_access_file_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_new_writable_file_nanos:
      return rep->env_new_writable_file_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_reuse_writable_file_nanos:
      return rep->env_reuse_writable_file_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_new_random_rw_file_nanos:
      return rep->env_new_random_rw_file_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_new_directory_nanos:
      return rep->env_new_directory_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_file_exists_nanos:
      return rep->env_file_exists_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_get_children_nanos:
      return rep->env_get_children_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_get_children_file_attributes_nanos:
      return rep->env_get_children_file_attributes_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_delete_file_nanos:
      return rep->env_delete_file_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_create_dir_nanos:
      return rep->env_create_dir_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_create_dir_if_missing_nanos:
      return rep->env_create_dir_if_missing_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_delete_dir_nanos:
      return rep->env_delete_dir_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_get_file_size_nanos:
      return rep->env_get_file_size_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_get_file_modification_time_nanos:
      return rep->env_get_file_modification_time_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_rename_file_nanos:
      return rep->env_rename_file_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_link_file_nanos:
      return rep->env_link_file_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_lock_file_nanos:
      return rep->env_lock_file_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_unlock_file_nanos:
      return rep->env_unlock_file_nanos;
    case rocksdb_env_new_logger_nanos:
      return rep->env_new_logger_nanos;
    case rocksdb_number_async_seek:
      return rep->number_async_seek;
    case rocksdb_blob_cache_hit_count:
      return rep->blob_cache_hit_count;
    case rocksdb_blob_read_count:
      return rep->blob_read_count;
    case rocksdb_blob_read_byte:
      return rep->blob_read_byte;
    case rocksdb_blob_read_time:
      return rep->blob_read_time;
    case rocksdb_blob_checksum_time:
      return rep->blob_checksum_time;
    case rocksdb_blob_decompress_time:
      return rep->blob_decompress_time;
    case rocksdb_internal_range_del_reseek_count:
      return rep->internal_range_del_reseek_count;
    case rocksdb_block_read_cpu_time:
      return rep->block_read_cpu_time;
    case rocksdb_data_block_read_byte:
      return rep->data_block_read_byte;
    case rocksdb_index_block_read_byte:
      return rep->index_block_read_byte;
    case rocksdb_filter_block_read_byte:
      return rep->filter_block_read_byte;
    case rocksdb_compression_dict_block_read_byte:
      return rep->compression_dict_block_read_byte;
    case rocksdb_metadata_block_read_byte:
      return rep->metadata_block_read_byte;
    default:
      break;
  }
  return 0;
}

void rocksdb_perfcontext_destroy(rocksdb_perfcontext_t* context) {
  delete context;
}

/*
TODO:
DB::GetOptions
DB::GetSortedWalFiles
DB::RunManualCompaction
custom cache
table_properties_collectors
*/

rocksdb_compactionfilter_t* rocksdb_compactionfilter_create(
    void* state, void (*destructor)(void*),
    unsigned char (*filter)(void*, int level, const char* key,
                            size_t key_length, const char* existing_value,
                            size_t value_length, char** new_value,
                            size_t* new_value_length,
                            unsigned char* value_changed),
    const char* (*name)(void*)) {
  rocksdb_compactionfilter_t* result = new rocksdb_compactionfilter_t;
  result->state_ = state;
  result->destructor_ = destructor;
  result->filter_ = filter;
  result->ignore_snapshots_ = true;
  result->name_ = name;
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_compactionfilter_set_ignore_snapshots(
    rocksdb_compactionfilter_t* filter, unsigned char whether_ignore) {
  filter->ignore_snapshots_ = whether_ignore;
}

void rocksdb_compactionfilter_destroy(rocksdb_compactionfilter_t* filter) {
  delete filter;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_compactionfiltercontext_is_full_compaction(
    rocksdb_compactionfiltercontext_t* context) {
  return context->rep.is_full_compaction;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_compactionfiltercontext_is_manual_compaction(
    rocksdb_compactionfiltercontext_t* context) {
  return context->rep.is_manual_compaction;
}

rocksdb_compactionfilterfactory_t* rocksdb_compactionfilterfactory_create(
    void* state, void (*destructor)(void*),
    rocksdb_compactionfilter_t* (*create_compaction_filter)(
        void*, rocksdb_compactionfiltercontext_t* context),
    const char* (*name)(void*)) {
  rocksdb_compactionfilterfactory_t* result =
      new rocksdb_compactionfilterfactory_t;
  result->state_ = state;
  result->destructor_ = destructor;
  result->create_compaction_filter_ = create_compaction_filter;
  result->name_ = name;
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_compactionfilterfactory_destroy(
    rocksdb_compactionfilterfactory_t* factory) {
  delete factory;
}

rocksdb_comparator_t* rocksdb_comparator_create(
    void* state, void (*destructor)(void*),
    int (*compare)(void*, const char* a, size_t alen, const char* b,
                   size_t blen),
    const char* (*name)(void*)) {
  rocksdb_comparator_t* result = new rocksdb_comparator_t;
  result->state_ = state;
  result->destructor_ = destructor;
  result->compare_ = compare;
  result->name_ = name;
  result->compare_ts_ = nullptr;
  result->compare_without_ts_ = nullptr;
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_comparator_destroy(rocksdb_comparator_t* cmp) { delete cmp; }

rocksdb_comparator_t* rocksdb_comparator_with_ts_create(
    void* state, void (*destructor)(void*),
    int (*compare)(void*, const char* a, size_t alen, const char* b,
                   size_t blen),
    int (*compare_ts)(void*, const char* a_ts, size_t a_tslen, const char* b_ts,
                      size_t b_tslen),
    int (*compare_without_ts)(void*, const char* a, size_t alen,
                              unsigned char a_has_ts, const char* b,
                              size_t blen, unsigned char b_has_ts),
    const char* (*name)(void*), size_t timestamp_size) {
  rocksdb_comparator_t* result = new rocksdb_comparator_t(timestamp_size);
  result->state_ = state;
  result->destructor_ = destructor;
  result->compare_ = compare;
  result->compare_ts_ = compare_ts;
  result->compare_without_ts_ = compare_without_ts;
  result->name_ = name;
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_filterpolicy_destroy(rocksdb_filterpolicy_t* filter) {
  delete filter;
}

rocksdb_filterpolicy_t* rocksdb_filterpolicy_create_bloom_format(
    double bits_per_key, bool original_format) {
  // Make a rocksdb_filterpolicy_t, but override all of its methods so
  // they delegate to a NewBloomFilterPolicy() instead of user
  // supplied C functions.
  struct Wrapper : public rocksdb_filterpolicy_t {
    const FilterPolicy* rep_;
    ~Wrapper() override { delete rep_; }
    const char* Name() const override { return rep_->Name(); }
    const char* CompatibilityName() const override {
      return rep_->CompatibilityName();
    }
    // No need to override GetFilterBitsBuilder if this one is overridden
    ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::FilterBitsBuilder* GetBuilderWithContext(
        const ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::FilterBuildingContext& context)
        const override {
      return rep_->GetBuilderWithContext(context);
    }
    ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::FilterBitsReader* GetFilterBitsReader(
        const Slice& contents) const override {
      return rep_->GetFilterBitsReader(contents);
    }
    static void DoNothing(void*) {}
  };
  Wrapper* wrapper = new Wrapper;
  wrapper->rep_ = NewBloomFilterPolicy(bits_per_key, original_format);
  wrapper->state_ = nullptr;
  wrapper->destructor_ = &Wrapper::DoNothing;
  return wrapper;
}

rocksdb_filterpolicy_t* rocksdb_filterpolicy_create_bloom_full(
    double bits_per_key) {
  return rocksdb_filterpolicy_create_bloom_format(bits_per_key, false);
}

rocksdb_filterpolicy_t* rocksdb_filterpolicy_create_bloom(double bits_per_key) {
  return rocksdb_filterpolicy_create_bloom_format(bits_per_key, true);
}

rocksdb_filterpolicy_t* rocksdb_filterpolicy_create_ribbon_format(
    double bloom_equivalent_bits_per_key, int bloom_before_level) {
  // Make a rocksdb_filterpolicy_t, but override all of its methods so
  // they delegate to a NewRibbonFilterPolicy() instead of user
  // supplied C functions.
  struct Wrapper : public rocksdb_filterpolicy_t {
    const FilterPolicy* rep_;
    ~Wrapper() override { delete rep_; }
    const char* Name() const override { return rep_->Name(); }
    const char* CompatibilityName() const override {
      return rep_->CompatibilityName();
    }
    ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::FilterBitsBuilder* GetBuilderWithContext(
        const ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::FilterBuildingContext& context)
        const override {
      return rep_->GetBuilderWithContext(context);
    }
    ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::FilterBitsReader* GetFilterBitsReader(
        const Slice& contents) const override {
      return rep_->GetFilterBitsReader(contents);
    }
    static void DoNothing(void*) {}
  };
  Wrapper* wrapper = new Wrapper;
  wrapper->rep_ =
      NewRibbonFilterPolicy(bloom_equivalent_bits_per_key, bloom_before_level);
  wrapper->state_ = nullptr;
  wrapper->destructor_ = &Wrapper::DoNothing;
  return wrapper;
}

rocksdb_filterpolicy_t* rocksdb_filterpolicy_create_ribbon(
    double bloom_equivalent_bits_per_key) {
  return rocksdb_filterpolicy_create_ribbon_format(
      bloom_equivalent_bits_per_key, /*bloom_before_level = disabled*/ -1);
}

rocksdb_filterpolicy_t* rocksdb_filterpolicy_create_ribbon_hybrid(
    double bloom_equivalent_bits_per_key, int bloom_before_level) {
  return rocksdb_filterpolicy_create_ribbon_format(
      bloom_equivalent_bits_per_key, bloom_before_level);
}

rocksdb_mergeoperator_t* rocksdb_mergeoperator_create(
    void* state, void (*destructor)(void*),
    char* (*full_merge)(void*, const char* key, size_t key_length,
                        const char* existing_value,
                        size_t existing_value_length,
                        const char* const* operands_list,
                        const size_t* operands_list_length, int num_operands,
                        unsigned char* success, size_t* new_value_length),
    char* (*partial_merge)(void*, const char* key, size_t key_length,
                           const char* const* operands_list,
                           const size_t* operands_list_length, int num_operands,
                           unsigned char* success, size_t* new_value_length),
    void (*delete_value)(void*, const char* value, size_t value_length),
    const char* (*name)(void*)) {
  rocksdb_mergeoperator_t* result = new rocksdb_mergeoperator_t;
  result->state_ = state;
  result->destructor_ = destructor;
  result->full_merge_ = full_merge;
  result->partial_merge_ = partial_merge;
  result->delete_value_ = delete_value;
  result->name_ = name;
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_mergeoperator_destroy(rocksdb_mergeoperator_t* merge_operator) {
  delete merge_operator;
}

rocksdb_readoptions_t* rocksdb_readoptions_create() {
  return new rocksdb_readoptions_t;
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_destroy(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt) { delete opt; }

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_verify_checksums(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt,
                                              unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.verify_checksums = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_readoptions_get_verify_checksums(
    rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.verify_checksums;
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_fill_cache(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt,
                                        unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.fill_cache = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_readoptions_get_fill_cache(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.fill_cache;
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_snapshot(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt,
                                      const rocksdb_snapshot_t* snap) {
  opt->rep.snapshot = (snap ? snap->rep : nullptr);
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_iterate_upper_bound(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt,
                                                 const char* key,
                                                 size_t keylen) {
  if (key == nullptr) {
    opt->upper_bound = Slice();
    opt->rep.iterate_upper_bound = nullptr;

  } else {
    opt->upper_bound = Slice(key, keylen);
    opt->rep.iterate_upper_bound = &opt->upper_bound;
  }
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_iterate_lower_bound(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt,
                                                 const char* key,
                                                 size_t keylen) {
  if (key == nullptr) {
    opt->lower_bound = Slice();
    opt->rep.iterate_lower_bound = nullptr;
  } else {
    opt->lower_bound = Slice(key, keylen);
    opt->rep.iterate_lower_bound = &opt->lower_bound;
  }
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_read_tier(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt, int v) {
  opt->rep.read_tier = static_cast<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::ReadTier>(v);
}

int rocksdb_readoptions_get_read_tier(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt) {
  return static_cast<int>(opt->rep.read_tier);
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_tailing(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt,
                                     unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.tailing = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_readoptions_get_tailing(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.tailing;
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_readahead_size(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt,
                                            size_t v) {
  opt->rep.readahead_size = v;
}

size_t rocksdb_readoptions_get_readahead_size(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.readahead_size;
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_prefix_same_as_start(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt,
                                                  unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.prefix_same_as_start = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_readoptions_get_prefix_same_as_start(
    rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.prefix_same_as_start;
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_pin_data(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt,
                                      unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.pin_data = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_readoptions_get_pin_data(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.pin_data;
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_total_order_seek(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt,
                                              unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.total_order_seek = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_readoptions_get_total_order_seek(
    rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.total_order_seek;
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_max_skippable_internal_keys(
    rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt, uint64_t v) {
  opt->rep.max_skippable_internal_keys = v;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_readoptions_get_max_skippable_internal_keys(
    rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_skippable_internal_keys;
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_background_purge_on_iterator_cleanup(
    rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt, unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.background_purge_on_iterator_cleanup = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_readoptions_get_background_purge_on_iterator_cleanup(
    rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.background_purge_on_iterator_cleanup;
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_ignore_range_deletions(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt,
                                                    unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.ignore_range_deletions = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_readoptions_get_ignore_range_deletions(
    rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.ignore_range_deletions;
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_deadline(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt,
                                      uint64_t microseconds) {
  opt->rep.deadline = std::chrono::microseconds(microseconds);
}

uint64_t rocksdb_readoptions_get_deadline(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.deadline.count();
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_io_timeout(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt,
                                        uint64_t microseconds) {
  opt->rep.io_timeout = std::chrono::microseconds(microseconds);
}

ROCKSDB_LIBRARY_API uint64_t
rocksdb_readoptions_get_io_timeout(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.io_timeout.count();
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_async_io(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt,
                                      unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.async_io = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_readoptions_get_async_io(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.async_io;
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_timestamp(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt,
                                       const char* ts, size_t tslen) {
  if (ts == nullptr) {
    opt->timestamp = Slice();
    opt->rep.timestamp = nullptr;
  } else {
    opt->timestamp = Slice(ts, tslen);
    opt->rep.timestamp = &opt->timestamp;
  }
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_iter_start_ts(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt,
                                           const char* ts, size_t tslen) {
  if (ts == nullptr) {
    opt->iter_start_ts = Slice();
    opt->rep.iter_start_ts = nullptr;
  } else {
    opt->iter_start_ts = Slice(ts, tslen);
    opt->rep.iter_start_ts = &opt->iter_start_ts;
  }
}

void rocksdb_readoptions_set_auto_readahead_size(rocksdb_readoptions_t* opt,
                                                 unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.auto_readahead_size = v;
}

rocksdb_writeoptions_t* rocksdb_writeoptions_create() {
  return new rocksdb_writeoptions_t;
}

void rocksdb_writeoptions_destroy(rocksdb_writeoptions_t* opt) { delete opt; }

void rocksdb_writeoptions_set_sync(rocksdb_writeoptions_t* opt,
                                   unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.sync = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_writeoptions_get_sync(rocksdb_writeoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.sync;
}

void rocksdb_writeoptions_disable_WAL(rocksdb_writeoptions_t* opt,
                                      int disable) {
  opt->rep.disableWAL = disable;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_writeoptions_get_disable_WAL(
    rocksdb_writeoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.disableWAL;
}

void rocksdb_writeoptions_set_ignore_missing_column_families(
    rocksdb_writeoptions_t* opt, unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.ignore_missing_column_families = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_writeoptions_get_ignore_missing_column_families(
    rocksdb_writeoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.ignore_missing_column_families;
}

void rocksdb_writeoptions_set_no_slowdown(rocksdb_writeoptions_t* opt,
                                          unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.no_slowdown = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_writeoptions_get_no_slowdown(
    rocksdb_writeoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.no_slowdown;
}

void rocksdb_writeoptions_set_low_pri(rocksdb_writeoptions_t* opt,
                                      unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.low_pri = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_writeoptions_get_low_pri(rocksdb_writeoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.low_pri;
}

void rocksdb_writeoptions_set_memtable_insert_hint_per_batch(
    rocksdb_writeoptions_t* opt, unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.memtable_insert_hint_per_batch = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_writeoptions_get_memtable_insert_hint_per_batch(
    rocksdb_writeoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.memtable_insert_hint_per_batch;
}

rocksdb_compactoptions_t* rocksdb_compactoptions_create() {
  return new rocksdb_compactoptions_t;
}

void rocksdb_compactoptions_destroy(rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt) {
  delete opt;
}

void rocksdb_compactoptions_set_bottommost_level_compaction(
    rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt, unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.bottommost_level_compaction =
      static_cast<BottommostLevelCompaction>(v);
}

unsigned char rocksdb_compactoptions_get_bottommost_level_compaction(
    rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt) {
  return static_cast<unsigned char>(opt->rep.bottommost_level_compaction);
}

void rocksdb_compactoptions_set_exclusive_manual_compaction(
    rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt, unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.exclusive_manual_compaction = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_compactoptions_get_exclusive_manual_compaction(
    rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.exclusive_manual_compaction;
}

void rocksdb_compactoptions_set_change_level(rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt,
                                             unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.change_level = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_compactoptions_get_change_level(
    rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.change_level;
}

void rocksdb_compactoptions_set_target_level(rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt,
                                             int n) {
  opt->rep.target_level = n;
}

int rocksdb_compactoptions_get_target_level(rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.target_level;
}

void rocksdb_compactoptions_set_target_path_id(rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt,
                                               int n) {
  opt->rep.target_path_id = n;
}

int rocksdb_compactoptions_get_target_path_id(rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.target_path_id;
}

void rocksdb_compactoptions_set_allow_write_stall(rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt,
                                                  unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.allow_write_stall = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_compactoptions_get_allow_write_stall(
    rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.allow_write_stall;
}

void rocksdb_compactoptions_set_max_subcompactions(
    rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt, int n) {
  opt->rep.max_subcompactions = n;
}

int rocksdb_compactoptions_get_max_subcompactions(
    rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.max_subcompactions;
}

void rocksdb_compactoptions_set_full_history_ts_low(
    rocksdb_compactoptions_t* opt, char* ts, size_t tslen) {
  if (ts == nullptr) {
    opt->full_history_ts_low = Slice();
    opt->rep.full_history_ts_low = nullptr;
  } else {
    opt->full_history_ts_low = Slice(ts, tslen);
    opt->rep.full_history_ts_low = &opt->full_history_ts_low;
  }
}

rocksdb_flushoptions_t* rocksdb_flushoptions_create() {
  return new rocksdb_flushoptions_t;
}

void rocksdb_flushoptions_destroy(rocksdb_flushoptions_t* opt) { delete opt; }

void rocksdb_flushoptions_set_wait(rocksdb_flushoptions_t* opt,
                                   unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.wait = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_flushoptions_get_wait(rocksdb_flushoptions_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.wait;
}

rocksdb_memory_allocator_t* rocksdb_jemalloc_nodump_allocator_create(
    char** errptr) {
  rocksdb_memory_allocator_t* allocator = new rocksdb_memory_allocator_t;
  ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::JemallocAllocatorOptions options;
  SaveError(errptr, ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::NewJemallocNodumpAllocator(
                        options, &allocator->rep));
  return allocator;
}

void rocksdb_memory_allocator_destroy(rocksdb_memory_allocator_t* allocator) {
  delete allocator;
}

rocksdb_lru_cache_options_t* rocksdb_lru_cache_options_create() {
  return new rocksdb_lru_cache_options_t;
}

void rocksdb_lru_cache_options_destroy(rocksdb_lru_cache_options_t* opt) {
  delete opt;
}

void rocksdb_lru_cache_options_set_capacity(rocksdb_lru_cache_options_t* opt,
                                            size_t capacity) {
  opt->rep.capacity = capacity;
}

void rocksdb_lru_cache_options_set_num_shard_bits(
    rocksdb_lru_cache_options_t* opt, int num_shard_bits) {
  opt->rep.num_shard_bits = num_shard_bits;
}

void rocksdb_lru_cache_options_set_memory_allocator(
    rocksdb_lru_cache_options_t* opt, rocksdb_memory_allocator_t* allocator) {
  opt->rep.memory_allocator = allocator->rep;
}

rocksdb_cache_t* rocksdb_cache_create_lru(size_t capacity) {
  rocksdb_cache_t* c = new rocksdb_cache_t;
  c->rep = NewLRUCache(capacity);
  return c;
}

rocksdb_cache_t* rocksdb_cache_create_lru_with_strict_capacity_limit(
    size_t capacity) {
  rocksdb_cache_t* c = new rocksdb_cache_t;
  c->rep = NewLRUCache(capacity);
  c->rep->SetStrictCapacityLimit(true);
  return c;
}

rocksdb_cache_t* rocksdb_cache_create_lru_opts(
    const rocksdb_lru_cache_options_t* opt) {
  rocksdb_cache_t* c = new rocksdb_cache_t;
  c->rep = NewLRUCache(opt->rep);
  return c;
}

rocksdb_hyper_clock_cache_options_t* rocksdb_hyper_clock_cache_options_create(
    size_t capacity, size_t estimated_entry_charge) {
  return new rocksdb_hyper_clock_cache_options_t{
      HyperClockCacheOptions(capacity, estimated_entry_charge)};
}

void rocksdb_hyper_clock_cache_options_destroy(
    rocksdb_hyper_clock_cache_options_t* opt) {
  delete opt;
}

void rocksdb_hyper_clock_cache_options_set_capacity(
    rocksdb_hyper_clock_cache_options_t* opts, size_t capacity) {
  opts->rep.capacity = capacity;
}

void rocksdb_hyper_clock_cache_options_set_estimated_entry_charge(
    rocksdb_hyper_clock_cache_options_t* opts, size_t estimated_entry_charge) {
  opts->rep.estimated_entry_charge = estimated_entry_charge;
}

void rocksdb_hyper_clock_cache_options_set_num_shard_bits(
    rocksdb_hyper_clock_cache_options_t* opts, int num_shard_bits) {
  opts->rep.num_shard_bits = num_shard_bits;
}

void rocksdb_hyper_clock_cache_options_set_memory_allocator(
    rocksdb_hyper_clock_cache_options_t* opts,
    rocksdb_memory_allocator_t* memory_allocator) {
  opts->rep.memory_allocator = memory_allocator->rep;
}

rocksdb_cache_t* rocksdb_cache_create_hyper_clock(
    size_t capacity, size_t estimated_entry_charge) {
  HyperClockCacheOptions opts(capacity, estimated_entry_charge);
  rocksdb_cache_t* c = new rocksdb_cache_t;
  c->rep = opts.MakeSharedCache();
  return c;
}

rocksdb_cache_t* rocksdb_cache_create_hyper_clock_opts(
    const rocksdb_hyper_clock_cache_options_t* opts) {
  rocksdb_cache_t* c = new rocksdb_cache_t;
  c->rep = opts->rep.MakeSharedCache();
  return c;
}

void rocksdb_cache_destroy(rocksdb_cache_t* cache) { delete cache; }

void rocksdb_cache_disown_data(rocksdb_cache_t* cache) {
  cache->rep->DisownData();
}

void rocksdb_cache_set_capacity(rocksdb_cache_t* cache, size_t capacity) {
  cache->rep->SetCapacity(capacity);
}

size_t rocksdb_cache_get_capacity(const rocksdb_cache_t* cache) {
  return cache->rep->GetCapacity();
}

size_t rocksdb_cache_get_usage(const rocksdb_cache_t* cache) {
  return cache->rep->GetUsage();
}

size_t rocksdb_cache_get_pinned_usage(const rocksdb_cache_t* cache) {
  return cache->rep->GetPinnedUsage();
}

size_t rocksdb_cache_get_table_address_count(const rocksdb_cache_t* cache) {
  return cache->rep->GetTableAddressCount();
}

size_t rocksdb_cache_get_occupancy_count(const rocksdb_cache_t* cache) {
  return cache->rep->GetOccupancyCount();
}

rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_t* rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_create(
    size_t buffer_size, bool allow_stall) {
  rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_t* wbm = new rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_t;
  wbm->rep.reset(new WriteBufferManager(buffer_size, {}, allow_stall));
  return wbm;
}

rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_t* rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_create_with_cache(
    size_t buffer_size, const rocksdb_cache_t* cache, bool allow_stall) {
  rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_t* wbm = new rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_t;
  wbm->rep.reset(new WriteBufferManager(buffer_size, cache->rep, allow_stall));
  return wbm;
}

void rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_destroy(rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_t* wbm) {
  delete wbm;
}

bool rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_enabled(rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_t* wbm) {
  return wbm->rep->enabled();
}

bool rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_cost_to_cache(
    rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_t* wbm) {
  return wbm->rep->cost_to_cache();
}

size_t rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_memory_usage(
    rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_t* wbm) {
  return wbm->rep->memory_usage();
}

size_t rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_mutable_memtable_memory_usage(
    rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_t* wbm) {
  return wbm->rep->mutable_memtable_memory_usage();
}

size_t rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_dummy_entries_in_cache_usage(
    rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_t* wbm) {
  return wbm->rep->dummy_entries_in_cache_usage();
}
size_t rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_buffer_size(
    rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_t* wbm) {
  return wbm->rep->buffer_size();
}
void rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_set_buffer_size(
    rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_t* wbm, size_t new_size) {
  wbm->rep->SetBufferSize(new_size);
}
ROCKSDB_LIBRARY_API void rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_set_allow_stall(
    rocksdb_write_buffer_manager_t* wbm, bool new_allow_stall) {
  wbm->rep->SetAllowStall(new_allow_stall);
}

rocksdb_sst_file_manager_t* rocksdb_sst_file_manager_create(
    rocksdb_env_t* env) {
  rocksdb_sst_file_manager_t* sfm = new rocksdb_sst_file_manager_t;
  sfm->rep.reset(ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::NewSstFileManager(env->rep));
  return sfm;
}

void rocksdb_sst_file_manager_destroy(rocksdb_sst_file_manager_t* sfm) {
  delete sfm;
}

void rocksdb_sst_file_manager_set_max_allowed_space_usage(
    rocksdb_sst_file_manager_t* sfm, uint64_t max_allowed_space) {
  sfm->rep->SetMaxAllowedSpaceUsage(max_allowed_space);
}

void rocksdb_sst_file_manager_set_compaction_buffer_size(
    rocksdb_sst_file_manager_t* sfm, uint64_t compaction_buffer_size) {
  sfm->rep->SetCompactionBufferSize(compaction_buffer_size);
}

bool rocksdb_sst_file_manager_is_max_allowed_space_reached(
    rocksdb_sst_file_manager_t* sfm) {
  return sfm->rep->IsMaxAllowedSpaceReached();
}

bool rocksdb_sst_file_manager_is_max_allowed_space_reached_including_compactions(
    rocksdb_sst_file_manager_t* sfm) {
  return sfm->rep->IsMaxAllowedSpaceReachedIncludingCompactions();
}

uint64_t rocksdb_sst_file_manager_get_total_size(
    rocksdb_sst_file_manager_t* sfm) {
  return sfm->rep->GetTotalSize();
}

int64_t rocksdb_sst_file_manager_get_delete_rate_bytes_per_second(
    rocksdb_sst_file_manager_t* sfm) {
  return sfm->rep->GetDeleteRateBytesPerSecond();
}

void rocksdb_sst_file_manager_set_delete_rate_bytes_per_second(
    rocksdb_sst_file_manager_t* sfm, int64_t delete_rate) {
  return sfm->rep->SetDeleteRateBytesPerSecond(delete_rate);
}

double rocksdb_sst_file_manager_get_max_trash_db_ratio(
    rocksdb_sst_file_manager_t* sfm) {
  return sfm->rep->GetMaxTrashDBRatio();
}

void rocksdb_sst_file_manager_set_max_trash_db_ratio(
    rocksdb_sst_file_manager_t* sfm, double ratio) {
  return sfm->rep->SetMaxTrashDBRatio(ratio);
}

uint64_t rocksdb_sst_file_manager_get_total_trash_size(
    rocksdb_sst_file_manager_t* sfm) {
  return sfm->rep->GetTotalTrashSize();
}

rocksdb_dbpath_t* rocksdb_dbpath_create(const char* path,
                                        uint64_t target_size) {
  rocksdb_dbpath_t* result = new rocksdb_dbpath_t;
  result->rep.path = std::string(path);
  result->rep.target_size = target_size;
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_dbpath_destroy(rocksdb_dbpath_t* dbpath) { delete dbpath; }

rocksdb_env_t* rocksdb_create_default_env() {
  rocksdb_env_t* result = new rocksdb_env_t;
  result->rep = Env::Default();
  result->is_default = true;
  return result;
}

rocksdb_env_t* rocksdb_create_mem_env() {
  rocksdb_env_t* result = new rocksdb_env_t;
  result->rep = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::NewMemEnv(Env::Default());
  result->is_default = false;
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_env_set_background_threads(rocksdb_env_t* env, int n) {
  env->rep->SetBackgroundThreads(n);
}

int rocksdb_env_get_background_threads(rocksdb_env_t* env) {
  return env->rep->GetBackgroundThreads();
}

void rocksdb_env_set_bottom_priority_background_threads(rocksdb_env_t* env,
                                                        int n) {
  env->rep->SetBackgroundThreads(n, Env::BOTTOM);
}

int rocksdb_env_get_bottom_priority_background_threads(rocksdb_env_t* env) {
  return env->rep->GetBackgroundThreads(Env::BOTTOM);
}

void rocksdb_env_set_high_priority_background_threads(rocksdb_env_t* env,
                                                      int n) {
  env->rep->SetBackgroundThreads(n, Env::HIGH);
}

int rocksdb_env_get_high_priority_background_threads(rocksdb_env_t* env) {
  return env->rep->GetBackgroundThreads(Env::HIGH);
}

void rocksdb_env_set_low_priority_background_threads(rocksdb_env_t* env,
                                                     int n) {
  env->rep->SetBackgroundThreads(n, Env::LOW);
}

int rocksdb_env_get_low_priority_background_threads(rocksdb_env_t* env) {
  return env->rep->GetBackgroundThreads(Env::LOW);
}

void rocksdb_env_join_all_threads(rocksdb_env_t* env) {
  env->rep->WaitForJoin();
}

void rocksdb_env_lower_thread_pool_io_priority(rocksdb_env_t* env) {
  env->rep->LowerThreadPoolIOPriority();
}

void rocksdb_env_lower_high_priority_thread_pool_io_priority(
    rocksdb_env_t* env) {
  env->rep->LowerThreadPoolIOPriority(Env::HIGH);
}

void rocksdb_env_lower_thread_pool_cpu_priority(rocksdb_env_t* env) {
  env->rep->LowerThreadPoolCPUPriority();
}

void rocksdb_env_lower_high_priority_thread_pool_cpu_priority(
    rocksdb_env_t* env) {
  env->rep->LowerThreadPoolCPUPriority(Env::HIGH);
}

void rocksdb_env_destroy(rocksdb_env_t* env) {
  if (!env->is_default) {
    delete env->rep;
  }
  delete env;
}

rocksdb_envoptions_t* rocksdb_envoptions_create() {
  rocksdb_envoptions_t* opt = new rocksdb_envoptions_t;
  return opt;
}

void rocksdb_envoptions_destroy(rocksdb_envoptions_t* opt) { delete opt; }

rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t* rocksdb_sstfilewriter_create(
    const rocksdb_envoptions_t* env, const rocksdb_options_t* io_options) {
  rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t* writer = new rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t;
  writer->rep = new SstFileWriter(env->rep, io_options->rep);
  return writer;
}

void rocksdb_create_dir_if_missing(rocksdb_env_t* env, const char* path,
                                   char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, env->rep->CreateDirIfMissing(std::string(path)));
}

rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t* rocksdb_sstfilewriter_create_with_comparator(
    const rocksdb_envoptions_t* env, const rocksdb_options_t* io_options,
    const rocksdb_comparator_t* /*comparator*/) {
  rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t* writer = new rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t;
  writer->rep = new SstFileWriter(env->rep, io_options->rep);
  return writer;
}

void rocksdb_sstfilewriter_open(rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t* writer,
                                const char* name, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, writer->rep->Open(std::string(name)));
}

void rocksdb_sstfilewriter_add(rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t* writer, const char* key,
                               size_t keylen, const char* val, size_t vallen,
                               char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, writer->rep->Put(Slice(key, keylen), Slice(val, vallen)));
}

void rocksdb_sstfilewriter_put(rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t* writer, const char* key,
                               size_t keylen, const char* val, size_t vallen,
                               char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, writer->rep->Put(Slice(key, keylen), Slice(val, vallen)));
}

void rocksdb_sstfilewriter_put_with_ts(rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t* writer,
                                       const char* key, size_t keylen,
                                       const char* ts, size_t tslen,
                                       const char* val, size_t vallen,
                                       char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, writer->rep->Put(Slice(key, keylen), Slice(ts, tslen),
                                     Slice(val, vallen)));
}

void rocksdb_sstfilewriter_merge(rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t* writer,
                                 const char* key, size_t keylen,
                                 const char* val, size_t vallen,
                                 char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, writer->rep->Merge(Slice(key, keylen), Slice(val, vallen)));
}

void rocksdb_sstfilewriter_delete(rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t* writer,
                                  const char* key, size_t keylen,
                                  char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, writer->rep->Delete(Slice(key, keylen)));
}

void rocksdb_sstfilewriter_delete_with_ts(rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t* writer,
                                          const char* key, size_t keylen,
                                          const char* ts, size_t tslen,
                                          char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, writer->rep->Delete(Slice(key, keylen), Slice(ts, tslen)));
}

void rocksdb_sstfilewriter_delete_range(rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t* writer,
                                        const char* begin_key,
                                        size_t begin_keylen,
                                        const char* end_key, size_t end_keylen,
                                        char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, writer->rep->DeleteRange(Slice(begin_key, begin_keylen),
                                             Slice(end_key, end_keylen)));
}

void rocksdb_sstfilewriter_finish(rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t* writer,
                                  char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, writer->rep->Finish(nullptr));
}

void rocksdb_sstfilewriter_file_size(rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t* writer,
                                     uint64_t* file_size) {
  *file_size = writer->rep->FileSize();
}

void rocksdb_sstfilewriter_destroy(rocksdb_sstfilewriter_t* writer) {
  delete writer->rep;
  delete writer;
}

rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_t*
rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_create() {
  rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_t* opt =
      new rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_t;
  return opt;
}

void rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_set_move_files(
    rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_t* opt, unsigned char move_files) {
  opt->rep.move_files = move_files;
}

void rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_set_snapshot_consistency(
    rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_t* opt,
    unsigned char snapshot_consistency) {
  opt->rep.snapshot_consistency = snapshot_consistency;
}

void rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_set_allow_global_seqno(
    rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_t* opt,
    unsigned char allow_global_seqno) {
  opt->rep.allow_global_seqno = allow_global_seqno;
}

void rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_set_allow_blocking_flush(
    rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_t* opt,
    unsigned char allow_blocking_flush) {
  opt->rep.allow_blocking_flush = allow_blocking_flush;
}

void rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_set_ingest_behind(
    rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_t* opt, unsigned char ingest_behind) {
  opt->rep.ingest_behind = ingest_behind;
}

void rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_set_fail_if_not_bottommost_level(
    rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_t* opt,
    unsigned char fail_if_not_bottommost_level) {
  opt->rep.fail_if_not_bottommost_level = fail_if_not_bottommost_level;
}

void rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_destroy(
    rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_t* opt) {
  delete opt;
}

void rocksdb_ingest_external_file(
    rocksdb_t* db, const char* const* file_list, const size_t list_len,
    const rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_t* opt, char** errptr) {
  std::vector<std::string> files(list_len);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < list_len; ++i) {
    files[i] = std::string(file_list[i]);
  }
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->IngestExternalFile(files, opt->rep));
}

void rocksdb_ingest_external_file_cf(
    rocksdb_t* db, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* handle,
    const char* const* file_list, const size_t list_len,
    const rocksdb_ingestexternalfileoptions_t* opt, char** errptr) {
  std::vector<std::string> files(list_len);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < list_len; ++i) {
    files[i] = std::string(file_list[i]);
  }
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->IngestExternalFile(handle->rep, files, opt->rep));
}

void rocksdb_try_catch_up_with_primary(rocksdb_t* db, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->TryCatchUpWithPrimary());
}

rocksdb_slicetransform_t* rocksdb_slicetransform_create(
    void* state, void (*destructor)(void*),
    char* (*transform)(void*, const char* key, size_t length,
                       size_t* dst_length),
    unsigned char (*in_domain)(void*, const char* key, size_t length),
    const char* (*name)(void*)) {
  rocksdb_slicetransform_t* result = new rocksdb_slicetransform_t;
  result->state_ = state;
  result->destructor_ = destructor;
  result->transform_ = transform;
  result->in_domain_ = in_domain;
  result->name_ = name;
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_slicetransform_destroy(rocksdb_slicetransform_t* st) { delete st; }

struct SliceTransformWrapper : public rocksdb_slicetransform_t {
  const SliceTransform* rep_;
  ~SliceTransformWrapper() override { delete rep_; }
  const char* Name() const override { return rep_->Name(); }
  std::string GetId() const override { return rep_->GetId(); }
  Slice Transform(const Slice& src) const override {
    return rep_->Transform(src);
  }
  bool InDomain(const Slice& src) const override { return rep_->InDomain(src); }
  static void DoNothing(void*) {}
};

rocksdb_slicetransform_t* rocksdb_slicetransform_create_fixed_prefix(
    size_t prefixLen) {
  SliceTransformWrapper* wrapper = new SliceTransformWrapper;
  wrapper->rep_ = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::NewFixedPrefixTransform(prefixLen);
  wrapper->state_ = nullptr;
  wrapper->destructor_ = &SliceTransformWrapper::DoNothing;
  return wrapper;
}

rocksdb_slicetransform_t* rocksdb_slicetransform_create_noop() {
  SliceTransformWrapper* wrapper = new SliceTransformWrapper;
  wrapper->rep_ = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::NewNoopTransform();
  wrapper->state_ = nullptr;
  wrapper->destructor_ = &SliceTransformWrapper::DoNothing;
  return wrapper;
}

rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t*
rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_create() {
  rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t* result =
      new rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t;
  result->rep = new ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionOptionsUniversal;
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_set_size_ratio(
    rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t* uco, int ratio) {
  uco->rep->size_ratio = ratio;
}

int rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_get_size_ratio(
    rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t* uco) {
  return uco->rep->size_ratio;
}

void rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_set_min_merge_width(
    rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t* uco, int w) {
  uco->rep->min_merge_width = w;
}

int rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_get_min_merge_width(
    rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t* uco) {
  return uco->rep->min_merge_width;
}

void rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_set_max_merge_width(
    rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t* uco, int w) {
  uco->rep->max_merge_width = w;
}

int rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_get_max_merge_width(
    rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t* uco) {
  return uco->rep->max_merge_width;
}

void rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_set_max_size_amplification_percent(
    rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t* uco, int p) {
  uco->rep->max_size_amplification_percent = p;
}

int rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_get_max_size_amplification_percent(
    rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t* uco) {
  return uco->rep->max_size_amplification_percent;
}

void rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_set_compression_size_percent(
    rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t* uco, int p) {
  uco->rep->compression_size_percent = p;
}

int rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_get_compression_size_percent(
    rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t* uco) {
  return uco->rep->compression_size_percent;
}

void rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_set_stop_style(
    rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t* uco, int style) {
  uco->rep->stop_style =
      static_cast<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::CompactionStopStyle>(style);
}

int rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_get_stop_style(
    rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t* uco) {
  return static_cast<int>(uco->rep->stop_style);
}

void rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_destroy(
    rocksdb_universal_compaction_options_t* uco) {
  delete uco->rep;
  delete uco;
}

rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_t* rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_create() {
  rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_t* result =
      new rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_t;
  result->rep = CompactionOptionsFIFO();
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_set_allow_compaction(
    rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_t* fifo_opts,
    unsigned char allow_compaction) {
  fifo_opts->rep.allow_compaction = allow_compaction;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_get_allow_compaction(
    rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_t* fifo_opts) {
  return fifo_opts->rep.allow_compaction;
}

void rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_set_max_table_files_size(
    rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_t* fifo_opts, uint64_t size) {
  fifo_opts->rep.max_table_files_size = size;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_get_max_table_files_size(
    rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_t* fifo_opts) {
  return fifo_opts->rep.max_table_files_size;
}

void rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_set_max_data_files_size(
    rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_t* fifo_opts, uint64_t size) {
  fifo_opts->rep.max_data_files_size = size;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_get_max_data_files_size(
    rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_t* fifo_opts) {
  return fifo_opts->rep.max_data_files_size;
}

void rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_set_use_kv_ratio_compaction(
    rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_t* fifo_opts,
    unsigned char use_kv_ratio_compaction) {
  fifo_opts->rep.use_kv_ratio_compaction = use_kv_ratio_compaction;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_get_use_kv_ratio_compaction(
    rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_t* fifo_opts) {
  return fifo_opts->rep.use_kv_ratio_compaction;
}

void rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_destroy(
    rocksdb_fifo_compaction_options_t* fifo_opts) {
  delete fifo_opts;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_min_level_to_compress(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                               int level) {
  if (level >= 0) {
    assert(level <= opt->rep.num_levels);
    opt->rep.compression_per_level.resize(opt->rep.num_levels);
    for (int i = 0; i < level; i++) {
      opt->rep.compression_per_level[i] = ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::kNoCompression;
    }
    for (int i = level; i < opt->rep.num_levels; i++) {
      opt->rep.compression_per_level[i] = opt->rep.compression;
    }
  }
}

rocksdb_livefiles_t* rocksdb_livefiles_create() {
  return new rocksdb_livefiles_t;
}

int rocksdb_livefiles_count(const rocksdb_livefiles_t* lf) {
  return static_cast<int>(lf->rep.size());
}

const char* rocksdb_livefiles_column_family_name(const rocksdb_livefiles_t* lf,
                                                 int index) {
  return lf->rep[index].column_family_name.c_str();
}

const char* rocksdb_livefiles_name(const rocksdb_livefiles_t* lf, int index) {
  return lf->rep[index].name.c_str();
}

const char* rocksdb_livefiles_directory(const rocksdb_livefiles_t* lf,
                                        int index) {
  if (lf->rep[index].directory.empty()) {
    // db_path is deprecated but still returned by some code paths
    return lf->rep[index].db_path.c_str();
  } else {
    return lf->rep[index].directory.c_str();
  }
}

int rocksdb_livefiles_level(const rocksdb_livefiles_t* lf, int index) {
  return lf->rep[index].level;
}

size_t rocksdb_livefiles_size(const rocksdb_livefiles_t* lf, int index) {
  return lf->rep[index].size;
}

const char* rocksdb_livefiles_smallestkey(const rocksdb_livefiles_t* lf,
                                          int index, size_t* size) {
  *size = lf->rep[index].smallestkey.size();
  return lf->rep[index].smallestkey.data();
}

const char* rocksdb_livefiles_largestkey(const rocksdb_livefiles_t* lf,
                                         int index, size_t* size) {
  *size = lf->rep[index].largestkey.size();
  return lf->rep[index].largestkey.data();
}

uint64_t rocksdb_livefiles_smallest_seqno(const rocksdb_livefiles_t* lf,
                                          int index) {
  return lf->rep[index].smallest_seqno;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_livefiles_largest_seqno(const rocksdb_livefiles_t* lf,
                                         int index) {
  return lf->rep[index].largest_seqno;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_livefiles_entries(const rocksdb_livefiles_t* lf, int index) {
  return lf->rep[index].num_entries;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_livefiles_deletions(const rocksdb_livefiles_t* lf, int index) {
  return lf->rep[index].num_deletions;
}

void rocksdb_livefiles_destroy(const rocksdb_livefiles_t* lf) { delete lf; }

rocksdb_livefile_t* rocksdb_livefile_create() { return new rocksdb_livefile_t; }

void rocksdb_livefile_set_column_family_name(rocksdb_livefile_t* lf,
                                             const char* column_family_name) {
  lf->rep.column_family_name = std::string(column_family_name);
}

void rocksdb_livefile_set_level(rocksdb_livefile_t* lf, int level) {
  lf->rep.level = level;
}

void rocksdb_livefile_set_name(rocksdb_livefile_t* lf, const char* name) {
  lf->rep.name = std::string(name);
}

void rocksdb_livefile_set_directory(rocksdb_livefile_t* lf,
                                    const char* directory) {
  lf->rep.directory = std::string(directory);
  lf->rep.db_path = std::string(directory);  // deprecated but still needed
}

void rocksdb_livefile_set_size(rocksdb_livefile_t* lf, size_t size) {
  lf->rep.size = size;
}

void rocksdb_livefile_set_smallest_key(rocksdb_livefile_t* lf,
                                       const char* smallest_key,
                                       size_t smallest_key_len) {
  lf->rep.smallestkey = std::string(smallest_key, smallest_key_len);
}

void rocksdb_livefile_set_largest_key(rocksdb_livefile_t* lf,
                                      const char* largest_key,
                                      size_t largest_key_len) {
  lf->rep.largestkey = std::string(largest_key, largest_key_len);
}

void rocksdb_livefile_set_smallest_seqno(rocksdb_livefile_t* lf,
                                         uint64_t smallest_seqno) {
  lf->rep.smallest_seqno = smallest_seqno;
}

void rocksdb_livefile_set_largest_seqno(rocksdb_livefile_t* lf,
                                        uint64_t largest_seqno) {
  lf->rep.largest_seqno = largest_seqno;
}

void rocksdb_livefile_set_num_entries(rocksdb_livefile_t* lf,
                                      uint64_t num_entries) {
  lf->rep.num_entries = num_entries;
}

void rocksdb_livefile_set_num_deletions(rocksdb_livefile_t* lf,
                                        uint64_t num_deletions) {
  lf->rep.num_deletions = num_deletions;
}

void rocksdb_livefile_destroy(rocksdb_livefile_t* lf) { delete lf; }

void rocksdb_livefiles_add(rocksdb_livefiles_t* lf,
                           rocksdb_livefile_t* livefile) {
  lf->rep.push_back(std::move(livefile->rep));
  delete livefile;
}

void rocksdb_get_options_from_string(const rocksdb_options_t* base_options,
                                     const char* opts_str,
                                     rocksdb_options_t* new_options,
                                     char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr,
            GetOptionsFromString(base_options->rep, std::string(opts_str),
                                 &new_options->rep));
}

void rocksdb_delete_file_in_range(rocksdb_t* db, const char* start_key,
                                  size_t start_key_len, const char* limit_key,
                                  size_t limit_key_len, char** errptr) {
  Slice a, b;
  SaveError(
      errptr,
      DeleteFilesInRange(
          db->rep, db->rep->DefaultColumnFamily(),
          (start_key ? (a = Slice(start_key, start_key_len), &a) : nullptr),
          (limit_key ? (b = Slice(limit_key, limit_key_len), &b) : nullptr)));
}

void rocksdb_delete_file_in_range_cf(
    rocksdb_t* db, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    const char* start_key, size_t start_key_len, const char* limit_key,
    size_t limit_key_len, char** errptr) {
  Slice a, b;
  SaveError(
      errptr,
      DeleteFilesInRange(
          db->rep, column_family->rep,
          (start_key ? (a = Slice(start_key, start_key_len), &a) : nullptr),
          (limit_key ? (b = Slice(limit_key, limit_key_len), &b) : nullptr)));
}

/* MetaData */

rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t* rocksdb_get_column_family_metadata(
    rocksdb_t* db) {
  rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t* meta = new rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t;
  db->rep->GetColumnFamilyMetaData(&meta->rep);
  return meta;
}

rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t* rocksdb_get_column_family_metadata_cf(
    rocksdb_t* db, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family) {
  rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t* meta = new rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t;
  db->rep->GetColumnFamilyMetaData(column_family->rep, &meta->rep);
  return meta;
}

void rocksdb_column_family_metadata_destroy(
    rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t* cf_meta) {
  delete cf_meta;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_column_family_metadata_get_size(
    rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t* cf_meta) {
  return cf_meta->rep.size;
}

size_t rocksdb_column_family_metadata_get_file_count(
    rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t* cf_meta) {
  return cf_meta->rep.file_count;
}

char* rocksdb_column_family_metadata_get_name(
    rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t* cf_meta) {
  return strdup(cf_meta->rep.name.c_str());
}

size_t rocksdb_column_family_metadata_get_level_count(
    rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t* cf_meta) {
  return cf_meta->rep.levels.size();
}

rocksdb_level_metadata_t* rocksdb_column_family_metadata_get_level_metadata(
    rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t* cf_meta, size_t i) {
  if (i >= cf_meta->rep.levels.size()) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  rocksdb_level_metadata_t* level_meta =
      (rocksdb_level_metadata_t*)malloc(sizeof(rocksdb_level_metadata_t));
  level_meta->rep = &cf_meta->rep.levels[i];

  return level_meta;
}

void rocksdb_level_metadata_destroy(rocksdb_level_metadata_t* level_meta) {
  // Only free the base pointer as its parent rocksdb_column_family_metadata_t
  // has the ownership of its rep.
  free(level_meta);
}

int rocksdb_level_metadata_get_level(rocksdb_level_metadata_t* level_meta) {
  return level_meta->rep->level;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_level_metadata_get_size(rocksdb_level_metadata_t* level_meta) {
  return level_meta->rep->size;
}

size_t rocksdb_level_metadata_get_file_count(
    rocksdb_level_metadata_t* level_meta) {
  return level_meta->rep->files.size();
}

rocksdb_sst_file_metadata_t* rocksdb_level_metadata_get_sst_file_metadata(
    rocksdb_level_metadata_t* level_meta, size_t i) {
  if (i >= level_meta->rep->files.size()) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  rocksdb_sst_file_metadata_t* file_meta =
      (rocksdb_sst_file_metadata_t*)malloc(sizeof(rocksdb_sst_file_metadata_t));
  file_meta->rep = &level_meta->rep->files[i];
  return file_meta;
}

void rocksdb_sst_file_metadata_destroy(rocksdb_sst_file_metadata_t* file_meta) {
  // Only free the base pointer as its parent rocksdb_level_metadata_t
  // has the ownership of its rep.
  free(file_meta);
}

char* rocksdb_sst_file_metadata_get_relative_filename(
    rocksdb_sst_file_metadata_t* file_meta) {
  return strdup(file_meta->rep->relative_filename.c_str());
}

char* rocksdb_sst_file_metadata_get_directory(
    rocksdb_sst_file_metadata_t* file_meta) {
  return strdup(file_meta->rep->directory.c_str());
}

uint64_t rocksdb_sst_file_metadata_get_size(
    rocksdb_sst_file_metadata_t* file_meta) {
  return file_meta->rep->size;
}

char* rocksdb_sst_file_metadata_get_smallestkey(
    rocksdb_sst_file_metadata_t* file_meta, size_t* key_len) {
  *key_len = file_meta->rep->smallestkey.size();
  return CopyString(file_meta->rep->smallestkey);
}

char* rocksdb_sst_file_metadata_get_largestkey(
    rocksdb_sst_file_metadata_t* file_meta, size_t* key_len) {
  *key_len = file_meta->rep->largestkey.size();
  return CopyString(file_meta->rep->largestkey);
}

rocksdb_import_column_family_options_t*
rocksdb_import_column_family_options_create() {
  return new rocksdb_import_column_family_options_t;
}

void rocksdb_import_column_family_options_set_move_files(
    rocksdb_import_column_family_options_t* opt, unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.move_files = v;
}

void rocksdb_import_column_family_options_destroy(
    rocksdb_import_column_family_options_t* metadata) {
  delete metadata;
}

rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_t*
rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_create() {
  auto metadata = new rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_t;
  metadata->rep = new ExportImportFilesMetaData;
  return metadata;
}

char* rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_get_db_comparator_name(
    rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_t* metadata) {
  return strdup(metadata->rep->db_comparator_name.c_str());
}

void rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_set_db_comparator_name(
    rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_t* metadata, const char* name) {
  metadata->rep->db_comparator_name = std::string(name);
}

rocksdb_livefiles_t* rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_get_files(
    rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_t* export_import_metadata) {
  auto files = new rocksdb_livefiles_t;
  files->rep = std::vector(export_import_metadata->rep->files);
  return files;
}

void rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_set_files(
    rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_t* metadata,
    rocksdb_livefiles_t* files) {
  metadata->rep->files = std::move(files->rep);
  delete files;
}

void rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_destroy(
    rocksdb_export_import_files_metadata_t* metadata) {
  delete metadata->rep;
  delete metadata;
}

/* Transactions */

rocksdb_transactiondb_options_t* rocksdb_transactiondb_options_create() {
  return new rocksdb_transactiondb_options_t;
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_options_destroy(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_options_t* opt) {
  delete opt;
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_options_set_max_num_locks(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_options_t* opt, int64_t max_num_locks) {
  opt->rep.max_num_locks = max_num_locks;
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_options_set_num_stripes(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_options_t* opt, size_t num_stripes) {
  opt->rep.num_stripes = num_stripes;
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_options_set_transaction_lock_timeout(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_options_t* opt, int64_t txn_lock_timeout) {
  opt->rep.transaction_lock_timeout = txn_lock_timeout;
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_options_set_default_lock_timeout(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_options_t* opt, int64_t default_lock_timeout) {
  opt->rep.default_lock_timeout = default_lock_timeout;
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_options_set_use_per_key_point_lock_mgr(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_options_t* opt, int use_per_key_point_lock_mgr) {
  opt->rep.use_per_key_point_lock_mgr = use_per_key_point_lock_mgr;
}

rocksdb_transaction_options_t* rocksdb_transaction_options_create() {
  return new rocksdb_transaction_options_t;
}

void rocksdb_transaction_options_destroy(rocksdb_transaction_options_t* opt) {
  delete opt;
}

void rocksdb_transaction_options_set_set_snapshot(
    rocksdb_transaction_options_t* opt, unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.set_snapshot = v;
}

void rocksdb_transaction_options_set_deadlock_detect(
    rocksdb_transaction_options_t* opt, unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.deadlock_detect = v;
}

void rocksdb_transaction_options_set_lock_timeout(
    rocksdb_transaction_options_t* opt, int64_t lock_timeout) {
  opt->rep.lock_timeout = lock_timeout;
}

void rocksdb_transaction_options_set_expiration(
    rocksdb_transaction_options_t* opt, int64_t expiration) {
  opt->rep.expiration = expiration;
}

void rocksdb_transaction_options_set_deadlock_detect_depth(
    rocksdb_transaction_options_t* opt, int64_t depth) {
  opt->rep.deadlock_detect_depth = depth;
}

void rocksdb_transaction_options_set_max_write_batch_size(
    rocksdb_transaction_options_t* opt, size_t size) {
  opt->rep.max_write_batch_size = size;
}

void rocksdb_transaction_options_set_skip_prepare(
    rocksdb_transaction_options_t* opt, unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.skip_prepare = v;
}

rocksdb_optimistictransaction_options_t*
rocksdb_optimistictransaction_options_create() {
  return new rocksdb_optimistictransaction_options_t;
}

void rocksdb_optimistictransaction_options_destroy(
    rocksdb_optimistictransaction_options_t* opt) {
  delete opt;
}

void rocksdb_optimistictransaction_options_set_set_snapshot(
    rocksdb_optimistictransaction_options_t* opt, unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.set_snapshot = v;
}

char* rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_property_value(
    rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_t* db, const char* propname) {
  std::string tmp;
  if (db->rep->GetProperty(Slice(propname), &tmp)) {
    // We use strdup() since we expect human readable output.
    return strdup(tmp.c_str());
  } else {
    return nullptr;
  }
}

int rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_property_int(
    rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_t* db, const char* propname,
    uint64_t* out_val) {
  if (db->rep->GetIntProperty(Slice(propname), out_val)) {
    return 0;
  } else {
    return -1;
  }
}

rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* rocksdb_transactiondb_create_column_family(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db,
    const rocksdb_options_t* column_family_options,
    const char* column_family_name, char** errptr) {
  rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* handle = new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
  handle->rep = nullptr;
  if (SaveError(errptr, txn_db->rep->CreateColumnFamily(
                            ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options->rep),
                            std::string(column_family_name), &(handle->rep)))) {
    delete handle;
    return nullptr;
  }
  handle->immortal = false;
  return handle;
}

rocksdb_transactiondb_t* rocksdb_transactiondb_open(
    const rocksdb_options_t* options,
    const rocksdb_transactiondb_options_t* txn_db_options, const char* name,
    char** errptr) {
  TransactionDB* txn_db;
  if (SaveError(errptr, TransactionDB::Open(options->rep, txn_db_options->rep,
                                            std::string(name), &txn_db))) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  rocksdb_transactiondb_t* result = new rocksdb_transactiondb_t;
  result->rep = txn_db;
  return result;
}

rocksdb_transactiondb_t* rocksdb_transactiondb_open_column_families(
    const rocksdb_options_t* options,
    const rocksdb_transactiondb_options_t* txn_db_options, const char* name,
    int num_column_families, const char* const* column_family_names,
    const rocksdb_options_t* const* column_family_options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t** column_family_handles, char** errptr) {
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> column_families;
  for (int i = 0; i < num_column_families; i++) {
    column_families.emplace_back(
        std::string(column_family_names[i]),
        ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options[i]->rep));
  }

  TransactionDB* txn_db;
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> handles;
  if (SaveError(errptr, TransactionDB::Open(options->rep, txn_db_options->rep,
                                            std::string(name), column_families,
                                            &handles, &txn_db))) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  for (size_t i = 0; i < handles.size(); i++) {
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_transactiondb_t* result = new rocksdb_transactiondb_t;
  result->rep = txn_db;
  return result;
}

const rocksdb_snapshot_t* rocksdb_transactiondb_create_snapshot(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db) {
  rocksdb_snapshot_t* result = new rocksdb_snapshot_t;
  result->rep = txn_db->rep->GetSnapshot();
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_release_snapshot(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db, const rocksdb_snapshot_t* snapshot) {
  txn_db->rep->ReleaseSnapshot(snapshot->rep);
  delete snapshot;
}

char* rocksdb_transactiondb_property_value(rocksdb_transactiondb_t* db,
                                           const char* propname) {
  std::string tmp;
  if (db->rep->GetProperty(Slice(propname), &tmp)) {
    // We use strdup() since we expect human readable output.
    return strdup(tmp.c_str());
  } else {
    return nullptr;
  }
}

int rocksdb_transactiondb_property_int(rocksdb_transactiondb_t* db,
                                       const char* propname,
                                       uint64_t* out_val) {
  if (db->rep->GetIntProperty(Slice(propname), out_val)) {
    return 0;
  } else {
    return -1;
  }
}

rocksdb_t* rocksdb_transactiondb_get_base_db(rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db) {
  DB* base_db = txn_db->rep->GetBaseDB();

  if (base_db != nullptr) {
    rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
    result->rep = base_db;
    return result;
  }

  return nullptr;
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_close_base_db(rocksdb_t* base_db) { delete base_db; }

rocksdb_transaction_t* rocksdb_transaction_begin(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db,
    const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* write_options,
    const rocksdb_transaction_options_t* txn_options,
    rocksdb_transaction_t* old_txn) {
  if (old_txn == nullptr) {
    rocksdb_transaction_t* result = new rocksdb_transaction_t;
    result->rep = txn_db->rep->BeginTransaction(write_options->rep,
                                                txn_options->rep, nullptr);
    return result;
  }
  old_txn->rep = txn_db->rep->BeginTransaction(write_options->rep,
                                               txn_options->rep, old_txn->rep);
  return old_txn;
}

rocksdb_transaction_t** rocksdb_transactiondb_get_prepared_transactions(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db, size_t* cnt) {
  std::vector<Transaction*> txns;
  txn_db->rep->GetAllPreparedTransactions(&txns);
  *cnt = txns.size();
  if (txns.empty()) {
    return nullptr;
  } else {
    rocksdb_transaction_t** buf = (rocksdb_transaction_t**)malloc(
        txns.size() * sizeof(rocksdb_transaction_t*));
    for (size_t i = 0; i < txns.size(); i++) {
      buf[i] = new rocksdb_transaction_t;
      buf[i]->rep = txns[i];
    }
    return buf;
  }
}

void rocksdb_transaction_set_name(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, const char* name,
                                  size_t name_len, char** errptr) {
  std::string str = std::string(name, name_len);
  SaveError(errptr, txn->rep->SetName(str));
}

char* rocksdb_transaction_get_name(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn,
                                   size_t* name_len) {
  auto name = txn->rep->GetName();
  *name_len = name.size();
  return CopyString(name);
}

void rocksdb_transaction_prepare(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn->rep->Prepare());
}

rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* rocksdb_transaction_get_writebatch_wi(
    rocksdb_transaction_t* txn) {
  rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* wi =
      (rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t*)malloc(sizeof(rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t));
  wi->rep = txn->rep->GetWriteBatch();

  return wi;
}

void rocksdb_transaction_rebuild_from_writebatch(
    rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, rocksdb_writebatch_t* writebatch,
    char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn->rep->RebuildFromWriteBatch(&writebatch->rep));
}

void rocksdb_transaction_rebuild_from_writebatch_wi(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn,
                                                    rocksdb_writebatch_wi_t* wi,
                                                    char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn->rep->RebuildFromWriteBatch(wi->rep->GetWriteBatch()));
}

void rocksdb_transaction_commit(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn->rep->Commit());
}

void rocksdb_transaction_rollback(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn->rep->Rollback());
}

void rocksdb_transaction_set_savepoint(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn) {
  txn->rep->SetSavePoint();
}

void rocksdb_transaction_rollback_to_savepoint(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn,
                                               char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn->rep->RollbackToSavePoint());
}

void rocksdb_transaction_destroy(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn) {
  delete txn->rep;
  delete txn;
}

const rocksdb_snapshot_t* rocksdb_transaction_get_snapshot(
    rocksdb_transaction_t* txn) {
  // This will be freed later on using free, so use malloc here to avoid a
  // mismatch
  rocksdb_snapshot_t* result =
      (rocksdb_snapshot_t*)malloc(sizeof(rocksdb_snapshot_t));
  result->rep = txn->rep->GetSnapshot();
  return result;
}

// Read a key inside a transaction
char* rocksdb_transaction_get(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn,
                              const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
                              const char* key, size_t klen, size_t* vlen,
                              char** errptr) {
  char* result = nullptr;
  PinnableSlice pinnable_val;
  Status s = txn->rep->Get(options->rep, Slice(key, klen), &pinnable_val);
  if (s.ok()) {
    *vlen = pinnable_val.size();
    result = CopyString(pinnable_val);
  } else {
    *vlen = 0;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* rocksdb_transaction_get_pinned(
    rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    const char* key, size_t klen, char** errptr) {
  rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* v = new (rocksdb_pinnableslice_t);
  Status s = txn->rep->Get(options->rep, Slice(key, klen), &v->rep);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    delete (v);
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
    return nullptr;
  }
  return v;
}

char* rocksdb_transaction_get_cf(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn,
                                 const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
                                 rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                                 const char* key, size_t klen, size_t* vlen,
                                 char** errptr) {
  char* result = nullptr;
  PinnableSlice pinnable_val;
  Status s = txn->rep->Get(options->rep, column_family->rep, Slice(key, klen),
                           &pinnable_val);
  if (s.ok()) {
    *vlen = pinnable_val.size();
    result = CopyString(pinnable_val);
  } else {
    *vlen = 0;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* rocksdb_transaction_get_pinned_cf(
    rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, const char* key, size_t klen,
    char** errptr) {
  rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* v = new (rocksdb_pinnableslice_t);
  Status s = txn->rep->Get(options->rep, column_family->rep, Slice(key, klen),
                           &v->rep);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    delete (v);
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
    return nullptr;
  }
  return v;
}

// Read a key inside a transaction
char* rocksdb_transaction_get_for_update(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn,
                                         const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
                                         const char* key, size_t klen,
                                         size_t* vlen, unsigned char exclusive,
                                         char** errptr) {
  char* result = nullptr;
  PinnableSlice pinnable_val;
  Status s = txn->rep->GetForUpdate(options->rep, Slice(key, klen),
                                    &pinnable_val, exclusive);
  if (s.ok()) {
    *vlen = pinnable_val.size();
    result = CopyString(pinnable_val);
  } else {
    *vlen = 0;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* rocksdb_transaction_get_pinned_for_update(
    rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    const char* key, size_t klen, unsigned char exclusive, char** errptr) {
  rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* v = new (rocksdb_pinnableslice_t);
  Status s = txn->rep->GetForUpdate(options->rep, Slice(key, klen),
                                    v->rep.GetSelf(), exclusive);
  v->rep.PinSelf();
  if (!s.ok()) {
    delete (v);
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
    return nullptr;
  }
  return v;
}

char* rocksdb_transaction_get_for_update_cf(
    rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, const char* key, size_t klen,
    size_t* vlen, unsigned char exclusive, char** errptr) {
  char* result = nullptr;
  PinnableSlice pinnable_val;
  Status s = txn->rep->GetForUpdate(options->rep, column_family->rep,
                                    Slice(key, klen), &pinnable_val, exclusive);
  if (s.ok()) {
    *vlen = pinnable_val.size();
    result = CopyString(pinnable_val);
  } else {
    *vlen = 0;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* rocksdb_transaction_get_pinned_for_update_cf(
    rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, const char* key, size_t klen,
    unsigned char exclusive, char** errptr) {
  rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* v = new (rocksdb_pinnableslice_t);
  Status s = txn->rep->GetForUpdate(options->rep, column_family->rep,
                                    Slice(key, klen), &v->rep, exclusive);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    delete (v);
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
    return nullptr;
  }
  return v;
}

void rocksdb_transaction_multi_get(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn,
                                   const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
                                   size_t num_keys,
                                   const char* const* keys_list,
                                   const size_t* keys_list_sizes,
                                   char** values_list,
                                   size_t* values_list_sizes, char** errs) {
  // Use unique_ptr for efficiency
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> keys_arr(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    keys_arr[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  // Note: Transaction only has vector-based MultiGet API
  std::vector<Slice> keys(keys_arr.get(), keys_arr.get() + num_keys);
  std::vector<std::string> values(num_keys);
  std::vector<Status> statuses =
      txn->rep->MultiGet(options->rep, keys, &values);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    if (statuses[i].ok()) {
      values_list[i] = CopyString(values[i]);
      values_list_sizes[i] = values[i].size();
      errs[i] = nullptr;
    } else {
      values_list[i] = nullptr;
      values_list_sizes[i] = 0;
      if (!statuses[i].IsNotFound()) {
        errs[i] = strdup(statuses[i].ToString().c_str());
      } else {
        errs[i] = nullptr;
      }
    }
  }
}

void rocksdb_transaction_multi_get_for_update(
    rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    size_t num_keys, const char* const* keys_list,
    const size_t* keys_list_sizes, char** values_list,
    size_t* values_list_sizes, char** errs) {
  // Use unique_ptr for efficiency
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> keys_arr(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    keys_arr[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  // Note: GetForUpdate only has vector-based API, no array-based PinnableSlice
  // variant
  std::vector<Slice> keys(keys_arr.get(), keys_arr.get() + num_keys);
  std::vector<std::string> values(num_keys);
  std::vector<Status> statuses =
      txn->rep->MultiGetForUpdate(options->rep, keys, &values);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    if (statuses[i].ok()) {
      values_list[i] = CopyString(values[i]);
      values_list_sizes[i] = values[i].size();
      errs[i] = nullptr;
    } else {
      values_list[i] = nullptr;
      values_list_sizes[i] = 0;
      if (!statuses[i].IsNotFound()) {
        errs[i] = strdup(statuses[i].ToString().c_str());
      } else {
        errs[i] = nullptr;
      }
    }
  }
}

void rocksdb_transaction_multi_get_cf(
    rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    const rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* const* column_families,
    size_t num_keys, const char* const* keys_list,
    const size_t* keys_list_sizes, char** values_list,
    size_t* values_list_sizes, char** errs) {
  // Use unique_ptr for efficiency
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> keys_arr(new Slice[num_keys]);
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> cfs(num_keys);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    keys_arr[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
    cfs[i] = column_families[i]->rep;
  }
  // Note: Transaction only has vector-based MultiGet API
  std::vector<Slice> keys(keys_arr.get(), keys_arr.get() + num_keys);
  std::vector<std::string> values(num_keys);
  std::vector<Status> statuses =
      txn->rep->MultiGet(options->rep, cfs, keys, &values);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    if (statuses[i].ok()) {
      values_list[i] = CopyString(values[i]);
      values_list_sizes[i] = values[i].size();
      errs[i] = nullptr;
    } else {
      values_list[i] = nullptr;
      values_list_sizes[i] = 0;
      if (!statuses[i].IsNotFound()) {
        errs[i] = strdup(statuses[i].ToString().c_str());
      } else {
        errs[i] = nullptr;
      }
    }
  }
}

void rocksdb_transaction_multi_get_for_update_cf(
    rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    const rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* const* column_families,
    size_t num_keys, const char* const* keys_list,
    const size_t* keys_list_sizes, char** values_list,
    size_t* values_list_sizes, char** errs) {
  // Use unique_ptr for efficiency
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> keys_arr(new Slice[num_keys]);
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> cfs(num_keys);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    keys_arr[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
    cfs[i] = column_families[i]->rep;
  }
  // Note: GetForUpdate only has vector-based API, no array-based PinnableSlice
  // variant
  std::vector<Slice> keys(keys_arr.get(), keys_arr.get() + num_keys);
  std::vector<std::string> values(num_keys);
  std::vector<Status> statuses =
      txn->rep->MultiGetForUpdate(options->rep, cfs, keys, &values);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    if (statuses[i].ok()) {
      values_list[i] = CopyString(values[i]);
      values_list_sizes[i] = values[i].size();
      errs[i] = nullptr;
    } else {
      values_list[i] = nullptr;
      values_list_sizes[i] = 0;
      if (!statuses[i].IsNotFound()) {
        errs[i] = strdup(statuses[i].ToString().c_str());
      } else {
        errs[i] = nullptr;
      }
    }
  }
}

// Read a key outside a transaction
char* rocksdb_transactiondb_get(rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db,
                                const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
                                const char* key, size_t klen, size_t* vlen,
                                char** errptr) {
  char* result = nullptr;
  PinnableSlice pinnable_val;
  Status s = txn_db->rep->Get(options->rep, txn_db->rep->DefaultColumnFamily(),
                              Slice(key, klen), &pinnable_val);
  if (s.ok()) {
    *vlen = pinnable_val.size();
    result = CopyString(pinnable_val);
  } else {
    *vlen = 0;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* rocksdb_transactiondb_get_pinned(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    const char* key, size_t klen, char** errptr) {
  rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* v = new (rocksdb_pinnableslice_t);
  Status s = txn_db->rep->Get(options->rep, txn_db->rep->DefaultColumnFamily(),
                              Slice(key, klen), &v->rep);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    delete (v);
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
    return nullptr;
  }
  return v;
}

char* rocksdb_transactiondb_get_cf(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, const char* key,
    size_t keylen, size_t* vallen, char** errptr) {
  char* result = nullptr;
  PinnableSlice pinnable_val;
  Status s = txn_db->rep->Get(options->rep, column_family->rep,
                              Slice(key, keylen), &pinnable_val);
  if (s.ok()) {
    *vallen = pinnable_val.size();
    result = CopyString(pinnable_val);
  } else {
    *vallen = 0;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
  }
  return result;
}

rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* rocksdb_transactiondb_get_pinned_cf(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, const char* key,
    size_t keylen, char** errptr) {
  rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* v = new (rocksdb_pinnableslice_t);
  Status s = txn_db->rep->Get(options->rep, column_family->rep,
                              Slice(key, keylen), &v->rep);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    delete (v);
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
    return nullptr;
  }
  return v;
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_multi_get(rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db,
                                     const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
                                     size_t num_keys,
                                     const char* const* keys_list,
                                     const size_t* keys_list_sizes,
                                     char** values_list,
                                     size_t* values_list_sizes, char** errs) {
  // Use unique_ptr for efficiency
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> keys(new Slice[num_keys]);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    keys[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
  }
  // Use PinnableSlice to avoid unnecessary allocations
  auto cfh = txn_db->rep->DefaultColumnFamily();
  std::vector<PinnableSlice> values(num_keys);
  std::vector<Status> statuses(num_keys);
  txn_db->rep->MultiGet(options->rep, cfh, num_keys, keys.get(), values.data(),
                        statuses.data());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    if (statuses[i].ok()) {
      values_list[i] = CopyString(values[i]);
      values_list_sizes[i] = values[i].size();
      errs[i] = nullptr;
    } else {
      values_list[i] = nullptr;
      values_list_sizes[i] = 0;
      if (!statuses[i].IsNotFound()) {
        errs[i] = strdup(statuses[i].ToString().c_str());
      } else {
        errs[i] = nullptr;
      }
    }
  }
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_multi_get_cf(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    const rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* const* column_families,
    size_t num_keys, const char* const* keys_list,
    const size_t* keys_list_sizes, char** values_list,
    size_t* values_list_sizes, char** errs) {
  // Use unique_ptr for efficiency
  std::unique_ptr<Slice[]> keys(new Slice[num_keys]);
  std::unique_ptr<ColumnFamilyHandle*[]> cfs(new ColumnFamilyHandle*[num_keys]);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    keys[i] = Slice(keys_list[i], keys_list_sizes[i]);
    cfs[i] = column_families[i]->rep;
  }
  // Use PinnableSlice to avoid unnecessary allocations
  std::vector<PinnableSlice> values(num_keys);
  std::vector<Status> statuses(num_keys);
  txn_db->rep->MultiGet(options->rep, num_keys, cfs.get(), keys.get(),
                        values.data(), statuses.data());
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_keys; i++) {
    if (statuses[i].ok()) {
      values_list[i] = CopyString(values[i]);
      values_list_sizes[i] = values[i].size();
      errs[i] = nullptr;
    } else {
      values_list[i] = nullptr;
      values_list_sizes[i] = 0;
      if (!statuses[i].IsNotFound()) {
        errs[i] = strdup(statuses[i].ToString().c_str());
      } else {
        errs[i] = nullptr;
      }
    }
  }
}

// Put a key inside a transaction
void rocksdb_transaction_put(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, const char* key,
                             size_t klen, const char* val, size_t vlen,
                             char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn->rep->Put(Slice(key, klen), Slice(val, vlen)));
}

void rocksdb_transaction_put_cf(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn,
                                rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                                const char* key, size_t klen, const char* val,
                                size_t vlen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn->rep->Put(column_family->rep, Slice(key, klen),
                                  Slice(val, vlen)));
}

void rocksdb_transaction_set_commit_timestamp(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn,
                                              uint64_t commit_timestamp) {
  txn->rep->SetCommitTimestamp(commit_timestamp);
}

void rocksdb_transaction_set_read_timestamp_for_validation(
    rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, uint64_t read_timestamp) {
  txn->rep->SetReadTimestampForValidation(read_timestamp);
}

// Put a key outside a transaction
void rocksdb_transactiondb_put(rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db,
                               const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                               const char* key, size_t klen, const char* val,
                               size_t vlen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr,
            txn_db->rep->Put(options->rep, Slice(key, klen), Slice(val, vlen)));
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_put_cf(rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db,
                                  const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                                  rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                                  const char* key, size_t keylen,
                                  const char* val, size_t vallen,
                                  char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn_db->rep->Put(options->rep, column_family->rep,
                                     Slice(key, keylen), Slice(val, vallen)));
}

// Write batch into transaction db
void rocksdb_transactiondb_write(rocksdb_transactiondb_t* db,
                                 const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                                 rocksdb_writebatch_t* batch, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->Write(options->rep, &batch->rep));
}

// Merge a key inside a transaction
void rocksdb_transaction_merge(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, const char* key,
                               size_t klen, const char* val, size_t vlen,
                               char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn->rep->Merge(Slice(key, klen), Slice(val, vlen)));
}

void rocksdb_transaction_merge_cf(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn,
                                  rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
                                  const char* key, size_t klen, const char* val,
                                  size_t vlen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn->rep->Merge(column_family->rep, Slice(key, klen),
                                    Slice(val, vlen)));
}

// Merge a key outside a transaction
void rocksdb_transactiondb_merge(rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db,
                                 const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                                 const char* key, size_t klen, const char* val,
                                 size_t vlen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn_db->rep->Merge(options->rep, Slice(key, klen),
                                       Slice(val, vlen)));
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_merge_cf(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db, const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, const char* key, size_t klen,
    const char* val, size_t vlen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn_db->rep->Merge(options->rep, column_family->rep,
                                       Slice(key, klen), Slice(val, vlen)));
}

// Delete a key inside a transaction
void rocksdb_transaction_delete(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, const char* key,
                                size_t klen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn->rep->Delete(Slice(key, klen)));
}

void rocksdb_transaction_delete_cf(
    rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family,
    const char* key, size_t klen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn->rep->Delete(column_family->rep, Slice(key, klen)));
}

void rocksdb_transaction_put_log_data(rocksdb_transaction_t* txn,
                                      const char* blob, size_t len) {
  txn->rep->PutLogData(Slice(blob, len));
}

// Delete a key outside a transaction
void rocksdb_transactiondb_delete(rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db,
                                  const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
                                  const char* key, size_t klen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn_db->rep->Delete(options->rep, Slice(key, klen)));
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_delete_cf(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db, const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, const char* key,
    size_t keylen, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn_db->rep->Delete(options->rep, column_family->rep,
                                        Slice(key, keylen)));
}

// Create an iterator inside a transaction
rocksdb_iterator_t* rocksdb_transaction_create_iterator(
    rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options) {
  rocksdb_iterator_t* result = new rocksdb_iterator_t;
  result->rep = txn->rep->GetIterator(options->rep);
  return result;
}

// Create an iterator inside a transaction with column family
rocksdb_iterator_t* rocksdb_transaction_create_iterator_cf(
    rocksdb_transaction_t* txn, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family) {
  rocksdb_iterator_t* result = new rocksdb_iterator_t;
  result->rep = txn->rep->GetIterator(options->rep, column_family->rep);
  return result;
}

// Create an iterator outside a transaction
rocksdb_iterator_t* rocksdb_transactiondb_create_iterator(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options) {
  rocksdb_iterator_t* result = new rocksdb_iterator_t;
  result->rep = txn_db->rep->NewIterator(options->rep);
  return result;
}

rocksdb_iterator_t* rocksdb_transactiondb_create_iterator_cf(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family) {
  rocksdb_iterator_t* result = new rocksdb_iterator_t;
  result->rep = txn_db->rep->NewIterator(options->rep, column_family->rep);
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_close(rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db) {
  delete txn_db->rep;
  delete txn_db;
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_flush_wal(rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db,
                                     unsigned char sync, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn_db->rep->FlushWAL(sync));
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_flush(rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db,
                                 const rocksdb_flushoptions_t* options,
                                 char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn_db->rep->Flush(options->rep));
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_flush_cf(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db, const rocksdb_flushoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, txn_db->rep->Flush(options->rep, column_family->rep));
}

void rocksdb_transactiondb_flush_cfs(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db, const rocksdb_flushoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t** column_families, int num_column_families,
    char** errptr) {
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> column_family_handles;
  for (int i = 0; i < num_column_families; i++) {
    column_family_handles.push_back(column_families[i]->rep);
  }

  SaveError(errptr, txn_db->rep->Flush(options->rep, column_family_handles));
}

rocksdb_checkpoint_t* rocksdb_transactiondb_checkpoint_object_create(
    rocksdb_transactiondb_t* txn_db, char** errptr) {
  Checkpoint* checkpoint;
  if (SaveError(errptr, Checkpoint::Create(txn_db->rep, &checkpoint))) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  rocksdb_checkpoint_t* result = new rocksdb_checkpoint_t;
  result->rep = checkpoint;
  return result;
}

rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_t* rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_open(
    const rocksdb_options_t* options, const char* name, char** errptr) {
  OptimisticTransactionDB* otxn_db;
  if (SaveError(errptr, OptimisticTransactionDB::Open(
                            options->rep, std::string(name), &otxn_db))) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_t* result =
      new rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_t;
  result->rep = otxn_db;
  return result;
}

rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_t*
rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_open_column_families(
    const rocksdb_options_t* db_options, const char* name,
    int num_column_families, const char* const* column_family_names,
    const rocksdb_options_t* const* column_family_options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t** column_family_handles, char** errptr) {
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> column_families;
  for (int i = 0; i < num_column_families; i++) {
    column_families.emplace_back(
        std::string(column_family_names[i]),
        ColumnFamilyOptions(column_family_options[i]->rep));
  }

  OptimisticTransactionDB* otxn_db;
  std::vector<ColumnFamilyHandle*> handles;
  if (SaveError(errptr, OptimisticTransactionDB::Open(
                            DBOptions(db_options->rep), std::string(name),
                            column_families, &handles, &otxn_db))) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  for (size_t i = 0; i < handles.size(); i++) {
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* c_handle =
        new rocksdb_column_family_handle_t;
    c_handle->rep = handles[i];
    c_handle->immortal = false;
    column_family_handles[i] = c_handle;
  }
  rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_t* result =
      new rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_t;
  result->rep = otxn_db;
  return result;
}

rocksdb_t* rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_get_base_db(
    rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_t* otxn_db) {
  DB* base_db = otxn_db->rep->GetBaseDB();

  if (base_db != nullptr) {
    rocksdb_t* result = new rocksdb_t;
    result->rep = base_db;
    return result;
  }

  return nullptr;
}

void rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_close_base_db(rocksdb_t* base_db) {
  delete base_db;
}

rocksdb_transaction_t* rocksdb_optimistictransaction_begin(
    rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_t* otxn_db,
    const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* write_options,
    const rocksdb_optimistictransaction_options_t* otxn_options,
    rocksdb_transaction_t* old_txn) {
  if (old_txn == nullptr) {
    rocksdb_transaction_t* result = new rocksdb_transaction_t;
    result->rep = otxn_db->rep->BeginTransaction(write_options->rep,
                                                 otxn_options->rep, nullptr);
    return result;
  }
  old_txn->rep = otxn_db->rep->BeginTransaction(
      write_options->rep, otxn_options->rep, old_txn->rep);
  return old_txn;
}

// Write batch into OptimisticTransactionDB
void rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_write(
    rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_t* otxn_db,
    const rocksdb_writeoptions_t* options, rocksdb_writebatch_t* batch,
    char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, otxn_db->rep->Write(options->rep, &batch->rep));
}

void rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_close(
    rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_t* otxn_db) {
  delete otxn_db->rep;
  delete otxn_db;
}

rocksdb_checkpoint_t* rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_checkpoint_object_create(
    rocksdb_optimistictransactiondb_t* otxn_db, char** errptr) {
  Checkpoint* checkpoint;
  if (SaveError(errptr, Checkpoint::Create(otxn_db->rep, &checkpoint))) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  rocksdb_checkpoint_t* result = new rocksdb_checkpoint_t;
  result->rep = checkpoint;
  return result;
}

void rocksdb_free(void* ptr) { free(ptr); }

rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* rocksdb_get_pinned(
    rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options, const char* key,
    size_t keylen, char** errptr) {
  rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* v = new (rocksdb_pinnableslice_t);
  Status s = db->rep->Get(options->rep, db->rep->DefaultColumnFamily(),
                          Slice(key, keylen), &v->rep);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    delete (v);
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
    return nullptr;
  }
  return v;
}

rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* rocksdb_get_pinned_cf(
    rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, const char* key,
    size_t keylen, char** errptr) {
  rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* v = new (rocksdb_pinnableslice_t);
  Status s = db->rep->Get(options->rep, column_family->rep, Slice(key, keylen),
                          &v->rep);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    delete v;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
    return nullptr;
  }
  return v;
}

void rocksdb_pinnableslice_destroy(rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* v) { delete v; }

const char* rocksdb_pinnableslice_value(const rocksdb_pinnableslice_t* v,
                                        size_t* vlen) {
  if (!v) {
    *vlen = 0;
    return nullptr;
  }

  *vlen = v->rep.size();
  return v->rep.data();
}

// container to keep databases and caches in order to use
// ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::MemoryUtil
struct rocksdb_memory_consumers_t {
  std::vector<rocksdb_t*> dbs;
  std::unordered_set<rocksdb_cache_t*> caches;
};

// initializes new container of memory consumers
rocksdb_memory_consumers_t* rocksdb_memory_consumers_create() {
  return new rocksdb_memory_consumers_t;
}

// adds datatabase to the container of memory consumers
void rocksdb_memory_consumers_add_db(rocksdb_memory_consumers_t* consumers,
                                     rocksdb_t* db) {
  consumers->dbs.push_back(db);
}

// adds cache to the container of memory consumers
void rocksdb_memory_consumers_add_cache(rocksdb_memory_consumers_t* consumers,
                                        rocksdb_cache_t* cache) {
  consumers->caches.insert(cache);
}

// deletes container with memory consumers
void rocksdb_memory_consumers_destroy(rocksdb_memory_consumers_t* consumers) {
  delete consumers;
}

// contains memory usage statistics provided by ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::MemoryUtil
struct rocksdb_memory_usage_t {
  uint64_t mem_table_total;
  uint64_t mem_table_unflushed;
  uint64_t mem_table_readers_total;
  uint64_t cache_total;
};

// estimates amount of memory occupied by consumers (dbs and caches)
rocksdb_memory_usage_t* rocksdb_approximate_memory_usage_create(
    rocksdb_memory_consumers_t* consumers, char** errptr) {
  vector<DB*> dbs;
  for (auto db : consumers->dbs) {
    dbs.push_back(db->rep);
  }

  std::unordered_set<const Cache*> cache_set;
  for (auto cache : consumers->caches) {
    cache_set.insert(const_cast<const Cache*>(cache->rep.get()));
  }

  std::map<ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE::MemoryUtil::UsageType, uint64_t> usage_by_type;

  auto status = MemoryUtil::GetApproximateMemoryUsageByType(dbs, cache_set,
                                                            &usage_by_type);
  if (SaveError(errptr, status)) {
    return nullptr;
  }

  auto result = new rocksdb_memory_usage_t;
  result->mem_table_total = usage_by_type[MemoryUtil::kMemTableTotal];
  result->mem_table_unflushed = usage_by_type[MemoryUtil::kMemTableUnFlushed];
  result->mem_table_readers_total =
      usage_by_type[MemoryUtil::kTableReadersTotal];
  result->cache_total = usage_by_type[MemoryUtil::kCacheTotal];
  return result;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_approximate_memory_usage_get_mem_table_total(
    rocksdb_memory_usage_t* memory_usage) {
  return memory_usage->mem_table_total;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_approximate_memory_usage_get_mem_table_unflushed(
    rocksdb_memory_usage_t* memory_usage) {
  return memory_usage->mem_table_unflushed;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_approximate_memory_usage_get_mem_table_readers_total(
    rocksdb_memory_usage_t* memory_usage) {
  return memory_usage->mem_table_readers_total;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_approximate_memory_usage_get_cache_total(
    rocksdb_memory_usage_t* memory_usage) {
  return memory_usage->cache_total;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_dump_malloc_stats(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                           unsigned char val) {
  opt->rep.dump_malloc_stats = val;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_memtable_whole_key_filtering(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                      unsigned char val) {
  opt->rep.memtable_whole_key_filtering = val;
}

void rocksdb_options_set_avoid_unnecessary_blocking_io(rocksdb_options_t* opt,
                                                       unsigned char val) {
  opt->rep.avoid_unnecessary_blocking_io = val;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_options_get_avoid_unnecessary_blocking_io(
    rocksdb_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.avoid_unnecessary_blocking_io;
}

// deletes container with memory usage estimates
void rocksdb_approximate_memory_usage_destroy(rocksdb_memory_usage_t* usage) {
  delete usage;
}

void rocksdb_cancel_all_background_work(rocksdb_t* db, unsigned char wait) {
  CancelAllBackgroundWork(db->rep, wait);
}

void rocksdb_disable_manual_compaction(rocksdb_t* db) {
  db->rep->DisableManualCompaction();
}

void rocksdb_enable_manual_compaction(rocksdb_t* db) {
  db->rep->EnableManualCompaction();
}

void rocksdb_abort_all_compactions(rocksdb_t* db) {
  db->rep->AbortAllCompactions();
}

void rocksdb_resume_all_compactions(rocksdb_t* db) {
  db->rep->ResumeAllCompactions();
}

rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_t*
rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_create() {
  return new rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_t{};
}

void rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_destroy(
    rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_t* data) {
  delete data;
}

double rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_get_median(
    rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_t* data) {
  return data->rep.median;
}

double rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_get_p95(
    rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_t* data) {
  return data->rep.percentile95;
}

double rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_get_p99(
    rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_t* data) {
  return data->rep.percentile99;
}

double rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_get_average(
    rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_t* data) {
  return data->rep.average;
}

double rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_get_std_dev(
    rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_t* data) {
  return data->rep.standard_deviation;
}

double rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_get_max(
    rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_t* data) {
  return data->rep.max;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_get_count(
    rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_t* data) {
  return data->rep.count;
}

uint64_t rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_get_sum(
    rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_t* data) {
  return data->rep.sum;
}

double rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_get_min(
    rocksdb_statistics_histogram_data_t* data) {
  return data->rep.min;
}

void rocksdb_wait_for_compact(rocksdb_t* db,
                              rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_t* options,
                              char** errptr) {
  SaveError(errptr, db->rep->WaitForCompact(options->rep));
}

rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_t* rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_create() {
  return new rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_t;
}

void rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_destroy(
    rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_t* opt) {
  delete opt;
}

void rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_set_abort_on_pause(
    rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_t* opt, unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.abort_on_pause = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_get_abort_on_pause(
    rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.abort_on_pause;
}

void rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_set_flush(
    rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_t* opt, unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.flush = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_get_flush(
    rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.flush;
}

void rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_set_close_db(
    rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_t* opt, unsigned char v) {
  opt->rep.close_db = v;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_get_close_db(
    rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.close_db;
}

void rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_set_timeout(
    rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_t* opt, uint64_t microseconds) {
  opt->rep.timeout = std::chrono::microseconds(microseconds);
}

uint64_t rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_get_timeout(
    rocksdb_wait_for_compact_options_t* opt) {
  return opt->rep.timeout.count();
}

/* High-performance zero-copy Get implementations */

struct rocksdb_pinnable_handle_t {
  PinnableSlice rep;
};

rocksdb_pinnable_handle_t* rocksdb_get_pinned_v2(
    rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options, const char* key,
    size_t keylen, char** errptr) {
  rocksdb_pinnable_handle_t* handle = new rocksdb_pinnable_handle_t;
  Status s = db->rep->Get(options->rep, db->rep->DefaultColumnFamily(),
                          Slice(key, keylen), &handle->rep);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    delete handle;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
    return nullptr;
  }
  return handle;
}

rocksdb_pinnable_handle_t* rocksdb_get_pinned_cf_v2(
    rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, const char* key,
    size_t keylen, char** errptr) {
  rocksdb_pinnable_handle_t* handle = new rocksdb_pinnable_handle_t;
  Status s = db->rep->Get(options->rep, column_family->rep, Slice(key, keylen),
                          &handle->rep);
  if (!s.ok()) {
    delete handle;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
    return nullptr;
  }
  return handle;
}

const char* rocksdb_pinnable_handle_get_value(
    const rocksdb_pinnable_handle_t* handle, size_t* vallen) {
  if (!handle) {
    *vallen = 0;
    return nullptr;
  }
  *vallen = handle->rep.size();
  return handle->rep.data();
}

void rocksdb_pinnable_handle_destroy(rocksdb_pinnable_handle_t* handle) {
  delete handle;
}

unsigned char rocksdb_get_into_buffer(rocksdb_t* db,
                                      const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
                                      const char* key, size_t keylen,
                                      char* buffer, size_t buffer_size,
                                      size_t* vallen, unsigned char* found,
                                      char** errptr) {
  PinnableSlice pinnable_val;
  Status s = db->rep->Get(options->rep, db->rep->DefaultColumnFamily(),
                          Slice(key, keylen), &pinnable_val);
  if (s.ok()) {
    *found = 1;
    *vallen = pinnable_val.size();
    if (buffer_size >= pinnable_val.size()) {
      memcpy(buffer, pinnable_val.data(), pinnable_val.size());
      return 1;  // Success - data copied
    }
    return 0;  // Buffer too small
  } else {
    *found = 0;
    *vallen = 0;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
    return 0;
  }
}

unsigned char rocksdb_get_into_buffer_cf(
    rocksdb_t* db, const rocksdb_readoptions_t* options,
    rocksdb_column_family_handle_t* column_family, const char* key,
    size_t keylen, char* buffer, size_t buffer_size, size_t* vallen,
    unsigned char* found, char** errptr) {
  PinnableSlice pinnable_val;
  Status s = db->rep->Get(options->rep, column_family->rep, Slice(key, keylen),
                          &pinnable_val);
  if (s.ok()) {
    *found = 1;
    *vallen = pinnable_val.size();
    if (buffer_size >= pinnable_val.size()) {
      memcpy(buffer, pinnable_val.data(), pinnable_val.size());
      return 1;  // Success - data copied
    }
    return 0;  // Buffer too small
  } else {
    *found = 0;
    *vallen = 0;
    if (!s.IsNotFound()) {
      SaveError(errptr, s);
    }
    return 0;
  }
}

}  // end extern "C"
